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• W2050846110 endingPage "43" @default.
• W2050846110 startingPage "3" @default.
• W2050846110 abstract "ABSTRACT Continuing increases in life expectancy beyond previously-held limits have brought to the fore the critical importance of mortality forecasting. Significant developments in mortality forecasting since 1980 are reviewed under three broad approaches: expectation, extrapolation and explanation. Expectation is not generally a good basis for mortality forecasting, as it is subjective; expert expectations are invariably conservative. Explanation is restricted to certain causes of death with known determinants. Decomposition by cause of death poses problems associated with the lack of independence among causes and data difficulties. Most developments have been in extrapolative forecasting, and make use of statistical methods rather than models developed primarily for age-specific graduation. Methods using two-factor models (age-period or age-cohort) have been most successful. The two-factor Lee–Carter method, and, in particular, its variants, have been successful in terms of accuracy, while recent advances have improved the estimation of forecast uncertainty. Regression-based (GLM) methods have been less successful, due to nonlinearities in time. Three-factor methods are more recent; the Lee–Carter age-period-cohort model appears promising. Specialised software has been developed and made available. Research needs include further comparative evaluations of methods in terms of the accuracy of the point forecast and its uncertainty, encompassing a wide range of mortality situations." @default.
• W2050846110 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2050846110 creator A5045095175 @default.
• W2050846110 creator A5062168240 @default.
• W2050846110 date "2008-09-01" @default.
• W2050846110 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2050846110 title "Mortality Modelling and Forecasting: a Review of Methods" @default.
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