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• W2051218009 abstract "Abstract Population structure is one of the most important factors determining speciation potential. We analyzed the spatial variation in allozyme frequencies of Phytomyza chaerophylli Kalt. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) using Wright's F-statistics. The degree of interpopulation variation is substantial (FST = 0.092). Variation between local populations separated by only a few kilometers is as high as between populations as far as 1000 kilometers apart, indicating low interpopulation gene flow. The results are supported by ecological studies which revealed that host plant populations of P. chaerophylli, as well as of other, closely related Phytomyza species, are patchily distributed and have a short average life span. Populations of many Phytomyza species are thus mostly small and partly isolated and are prone to frequent extinctions and bottlenecks. Such conditions greatly increase the chance of rare mutations being fixed in new populations which may eventually lead to speciation. It is argued that the ecology and population structure of P. chaerophylli and congeners favor rapid speciation. Zusammenfassung Genetische Differenzierung und Speziation bei blattminierenden Fliegen der Gattung Phytomyza Die Populationsstruktur ist einer der wichtigsten Faktoren, die das Speziationspotential einer Species bestimmen. Wir analysierten die räumliche Variation der Allozymfrequenzen von Phytomyza chaerophylli Kalt. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) nach den Methoden von Wrights F-Statistik. Der Grad der genetischen Variation zwischen den Populationen ist beträchtlich (FST = 0.092). Die Variation zwischen lokalen, lediglich durch wenige Kilometer voneinander getrennten Populationen ist gleich gross wie zwischen Populationen, die bis zu 1000 Kilometer auseinander liegen. Eine solche Differenzierung deutet auf einen niedrigen Genfluss zwischen den Populationen. Die Ergebnisse der genetischen Analyse werden gestützt durch ökologische Studien, welche zeigten, dass Wirtspflanzenpopulationen von P. chaerophylli und anderen, nah verwandten Phytomyza-Arten eine inselartige Verbreitung aufweisen und eine verhältnismässig kurze mittlere Lebensdauer haben. Die Populationen von vielen Phytomyza-Arten sind daher meist klein und teilweise isoliert und unterliegen häufig Ausrottungen und genetischen Flaschenhälsen (‘Bottlenecks’). Solche Bedingungen vergrössern beträchtlich die Chance, seltene Mutationen in neuen Populationen zu fixieren, was unter Umständen zu Speziation führen kann. Wir stellen fest, dass Ökologie und Populationsstruktur von P. chaerophylli und anderen Arten dieses Genus günstige Voraussetzungen für eine schnelle Speziation darstellen." @default.
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• W2051218009 date "1990-11-01" @default.
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• W2051218009 title "Genetic differentiation and speciation in leaf-mining flies of the genus Phytomyza" @default.
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• W2051218009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01430.x" @default.
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