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• W2051223899 abstract "The possibility of an infectious etiology for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been repeatedly postulated over the past three decades. We provide the first meta-analysis to address the relationship between bacterial infection and AD. Quantitative data sufficient for meta-analysis were found only for spirochetes and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn), which led to a focus in the present study on these bacteria. Studies examining the association between AD and spirochetes or Cpn were identified through a systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and used a random effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of bacterial infection on the risk of AD. We found 25 relevant, primarily case-control studies, of which 11 studies concerned spirochetes and 14 concerned Cpn. Our analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between AD and detectable evidence of infection of either bacterial group. We found over a four-fold increased occurrence of AD when there is detectable evidence of spirochetal infection (OR 4.45; 95% CI: 2.33-8.52, see Figure 1) and over a five-fold increased occurrence of AD with Cpn infection (OR 5.66; 95% CI: 1.83-17.51, see Figure 2). Studies based on polymerase chain reactions for bacterial DNA in brains collectively yielded the greatest associations for AD for both bacteria compared with studies based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunohistochemistry. The pooled event rates for spirochetal and Cpn infection in AD cases were 15% and 50% respectively when the results of brains, CSF and sera examinations were combined, with 23% and 41% of AD brains exhibiting evidence of spirochetal and Cpn infection, respectively. This study shows a strongly positive association between bacterial infection and AD. The exact mechanisms by which bacterial infection may contribute to neuronal cell injury and death and amyloid-beta peptide accumulation continue to be investigated. Although our results do not necessarily evidence a cause and effect relationship, they suggest that infection with Cpn and spirochetes may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and that further detailed investigation of the role of bacterial infection is warranted. Spirochetes and AD: the pooled odds ratio of 4.45 demonstrates a statistically significant association of spirochetes with AD (p<0.05). Cpn and AD: the pooled odds ratio of 5.66 demonstrates a statistically significant association of Cpn with AD (p<0.05)." @default.
• W2051223899 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2051223899 date "2014-07-01" @default.
• W2051223899 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2051223899 title "P3-314: BACTERIAL INFECTION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS" @default.
• W2051223899 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1407" @default.
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