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• W205168906 abstract "Mineral processing industries have developed rapidly in a formerly rural area of coastal Queensland, Australia, due to the availability of energy, raw materials resources and deepwater access. The area has acknowledged ecological values and borders the World Heritagelisted Great Barrier Reef. Several industries already operate in an area of complex terrain for which there is limited meteorological information. A coordinated environmental monitoring program is being developed to optimise the planning certainty for existing and proposed industries, the quality of environmental information gathered and the protection of ecological values. A key feature of the program is the recognition of ecosystems that may be at risk from development in general or from particular industrial emissions. Over 100 native vertebrate animal and 500 native plant species might be affected, but pollutant responses are known for fewer than 50 plant species. Coordinated ambient monitoring, dispersion modelling and detailed ecological assessments are being developed to analyse and predict ecological changes with the greatest economy of resources. Species that are functionally critical in their ecosystems, vulnerable to extinction or sensitive to pollutants, will be selected for detailed observation. Environmental management guidelines will be formulated progressively as industrial development proceeds and the amount and quality of information increases. This program may serve as a model for environmental monitoring delling in resource-limited situations where there is incomplete information on ecosystem characteristics and responses to pollutants. INTRODUCTION The Central Coast of Queensland, Australia, just south of the Tropic of Capricorn is sparsely populated on a world scale, but is important environmentally for two reasons. First, it borders on the Great Barrier Reef, a World Heritage area of immense conservation significance that stretches 1800 km north to Torres Strait. Second, it provides access to the Central Queensland coal province, with proven reserves of 23 billion tonnes (NRME 2004). Of the two deepwater ports with access through the Great Barrier Reef, Gladstone ships 40 million tonnes of coal per year (GPA 2004). The abundant coal supplies have also enabled the development of coal-fired electricity generation, including capacity of 1680 MW at Gladstone (Table 1). The combination of resource attributes attracted several minerals processing activities to the region, and the Government of Queensland identified a preferred location for industry, to be managed as the Gladstone State Development Area (GSDA). Most of the 200 km of the GSDA is located between 10 and 20 km from the port (EPA 1999), and infrastructure developments have been undertaken over a period of 30 years. The industrial activities summarised in Table 1 have been initiated over 30 years, and further developments are occurring or are being planned. Atmospheric emissions from these industries are not large on" @default.
• W205168906 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W205168906 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W205168906 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W205168906 title "Coordinated local and regional monitoring of air pollutant effects on ecosystems" @default.
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