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• W2052712648 abstract "X-Irradiation induces potassium loss and sodium gain in a variety of animal cells and tissues (1-21). In other words, X-rays interfere with the mechanism common to most animal and plant cells which maintains a high intracellular K/Na ratio, whereas in the extracellular medium sodium predominates over potassium. In animals this effect can be produced in excised tissues and cells in vitro, which demonstrates that X-rays act through a local mechanism. In vivo, an abscopal (21) mechanism-that is, imbalance of corticoadrenal activity-seems to contribute to the alteration of ionic levels after whole-body X-irradiation (12, 18, 19). The doses of X-rays necessary to elicit the local effect vary widely, depending on the type of tissue or cells, the time between X-irradiation and test, and the experimental conditions of the in vitro studies. In most cases doses of 1000 to 10,000 r are needed, although with isolated rabbit heart Ellinwood et al. (10) were able to demonstrate that 500 r increases potassium release into the perfusion fluid. Although potassium loss and sodium gain seems to be a general effect of X -irradiation of cells with sufficient doses, the mechanism by which it is produced is not known. A study of this mechanism seemed desirable from a general point of view as well as because of the increasing evidence that alteration of membrane permeability plays an important role in radiobiological effects (22, 23). The study was focused on fluxes of sodium ions because the outwardly directed sodium pump so widely distributed in living cells is considered in many instances solely responsible for the high K/Na ratio in the cell, whereas potassium ions would be more or less in electrochemical equilibrium. In human erythrocytes, however, as well as in many other cells and tissues, the sodium pump seems to be tightly" @default.
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• W2052712648 date "1964-03-01" @default.
• W2052712648 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W2052712648 title "Effect of X-Rays on Movements of Sodium in Human Erythrocytes" @default.
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• W2052712648 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3571589" @default.
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