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• W2052893265 abstract "The six studied southwestern Colombian Plio-Quaternary volcanoes (Puracé, Doña Juana, Galeras, Azufral, Cumbal and Chiles) are located in the central part of the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of the Andes. The lavas are predominantly andesites and dacites, with lesser amount of basalt, and range 52% to 70% SiO2. The two-pyroxenes basic and acid andesites exhibit plagioclase phenocrysts with core composition of An50–80 and An40–70 respectively. Hornblende and biotite occur in dacites in association with plagioclase cores ranging An30–50. The lavas belong to medium- to high-potassic calc-alkaline series, typical of active continental margins. Two types of lavas can be distinguished in the studied area: 1) Northeastern-type lavas which show high TiO2, K-group elements, LREE, and CeYb ratio, low HREE content and a low BaLa ratio 2) Southwestern-type lavas are characterized by low TiO2, K-group elements, LREE, low CeYb, an enrichment in HREE content and high BaLa ratio. The northward increase in incompatible elements is attributed to a higher contribution of the siliceous Pre-Mesozoic crust in the north of the studied area. The younger (Post-Cretaceous) oceanic basement underlying the southwestern volcanoes cannot be responsible for an enrichment in incompatible elements only by contamination processes. Geochemical evidences suggest that the NVZ calc-alkaline lavas were derived from a primitive mantle which was enriched in Ba and partially in other K-group elements by dehydration and/or partial melting of the oceanic slab within the asthenosphere. This primitive melt, induced in response of the hydration processes within the mantle, suffered various stages of assimilation and fractional crystallization at lower to intermediate crustal levels, as revealed by the regional depletion in HREE of the northeastern-type lavas. At an upper crustal level, within the magma chamber, magma mixing between “primitive” up-rising basalt melt and andesitic-dacitic differentiated magma accompanied by fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes produced the andesitic series of each volcanoes. Los volcanes plio-cuaternarios del sudoeste colombiano están localizados en el centro de la Zona Volcánica Norte (NVZ) de los Andes. Las lavas son generalmente andesíticas o dacíticas, con basaltos subordinados, variando el contenido en SiO2 entre 53% y 70%. Las andesitas básicas o ácidas con dos piroxenos contienen fenocristales de plagioclasa con núcleos de composition An50–80 y An40–70 respectivamente. En las dacitas la hornblenda y la biotita aparecen asociadas con plagioclasas de composición An30–50 (núcleos). Las lavas pertenecen a la serie calcoalcalina potásica, típicas de márgenes continentales activos. Se pueden distinguir dos tipos de lavas: 1) lavas tipo Noreste, que se caracterizan por su alto contenido en TiO2, elementos del grupo del potasio y tierras raras livianas, una alta relacion CeYb, un empobrecimiento en tierras raras pesadas, y una baja relación BaLa; y 2) lavas tipo Suroeste, carcterizadas por bajo contenidos en TiO2, en elementos del grupo del potasio, en tierras raras livianas, baja relación CeYb, y un enriquecimiento en tierras raras pesadas y una alta relación BaLa. El enriquecimiento en elementos incompatibles hacia el norte puede ser atribuído a una mayor contributión de la corteza silícea pre-mesozoica. El basamento oceánico más joven, que se encuentra bajo los volcanes del sudoeste, no puede ser responsable del enriquecimiento en elemnetos incompatibles por contaminación cortical. Evidencias petrográficas y geoquímicas sugieren que la génesis de las lavas puede ser atribuida a la fusion parcial de un fragmento de la corteza oceánica en la astenosfera, lo que condujo a un enriquecimiento del magma en Ba, y probablemente en otros elementos del grupo del potasio. El magma, así producido, evolucionó en distintas etapas de asimilación y cristalización fraccionada a distintas profundidades de la corteza. En la cámara magmática, de los niveles superiores de la corteza, la mezcla de un magma basáltico primitivo ascendente, con la de un magma andesítico-dacítico, conjutamente con los procesos de cristalización fraccionada y de contaminación cortical, producen la serie andesítica típica de cada volcán." @default.
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• W2052893265 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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• W2052893265 title "Petrography and geochemistry of Plio-Quaternary calc-alkaline volcanoes of Southwestern Colombia" @default.
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