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- W2052930503 abstract "Various methods are developed to conserve fuels by increasing the efficiencies of heat engines. These efforts are limited by fundamental constraints on efficiency, as specified by the Carnot engine. We consider a cyclic process during which heat is converted into work while no other body, except the atmosphere, acts as both the source and sink, and show that the possibility of constructing heat engines with 100% efficiency need not be totally ruled out. If the cycle of a heat engine partially coincides with a natural cycle, its efficiency can reach the value of 100%. Although there exist many cycles in nature, the most convenient cycle for this purpose is the cycle of rain formation. Cycles of engines converting CDE or concentration difference energy (i.e., the potential energy stored in two similar and separated solutions of unequal concentrations) into work can always be so designed that they partially coincide with the cycle of rain formation. For a practical CDE engine, the evaporation of water from dilute solution may have to be carried out rapidly by burning fuels instead of using heat from the atmosphere. While this procedure will have an adverse effect on the overall engine efficiency, the efficiency of fuel utilization may still be very high. A possible arrangement of a CDE engine utilizing a semipermeable membrane is discussed. Calculations indicate that the efficiency of fuel utilization of such an engine would be independent of temperature and would increase (theoretically indefinitely) with the solubility of the solute." @default.
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- W2052930503 date "1982-05-01" @default.
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- W2052930503 title "On efficient utilization of fuels" @default.
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- W2052930503 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(82)90051-2" @default.
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