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- W205298410 abstract "This chapter provides an overview of wolf vocalization. Many different sounds have been listed in the literature: barks, howls, growls, squeaks, whines, whimpers, songs, snarls, yelps, yips, yaps, and combinations such as growl-barks, bark-growls, and bark-howls. Theberge and Falls (1967) pared the list to six basic types; Joslin (1966) used four—howl, bark, whimper, and growl—and considered the others merely subclasses of the four. The growl is a deep, coarse sound, with energy spread between 250 and 1500 hertz (Hz) and emphasis around 800 Hz (Tembrock, 1963). Whimpering includes vocalizations variously classified as whines, whimpers, and squeaks. All are characterized by their high pitch and relatively pure tone. The bark is a short, explosive sound, usually no more than .1 second long. The wolf vocalization that comes quickest to mind is the howl. Spontaneous group howling sessions follow both daily and seasonal trends in frequency. The study of wolf vocalization is in its infancy. Detailed acoustic studies of each sound form, its variations, and possible correlations with behavioral and ecological contexts are lacking for most wolf vocalizations. For howling, some preliminary work has been completed, but there is still not a complete understanding of these rich and varied vocalizations." @default.
- W205298410 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W205298410 date "1978-01-01" @default.
- W205298410 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W205298410 title "Wolf Vocalization11The financial support of the Oregon State University Research Council, through NSF Institutional Grant for Science GU3662, is noted with appreciation." @default.
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- W205298410 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-319250-9.50014-1" @default.
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