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• W2052984947 abstract "Reliability of an instrument is described as its accuracy and dependability. Reliability is thought of in terms of the consistency, stability, and/or equivalence of measurements (Nieswiadomy, 1998, p. 199; Young, Taylor, & McLaughlin-Renpenning, 2001, p. 30). Reliability should be thought of in terms of the current study—the current sample at the time it is being studied. It is not a characteristic that necessarily transcends the specific circumstance of data collection. Although the reliability of an instrument in a prior study is important to know, ideally it should be assessed in each study (Nieswiadomy, 1998, p. 199). The concept of reliability may be clearer in a clinical context than in a research context. Clinically, for example, we need to know that the various tests to determine one’s HIV status and the progression of HIV disease do not provide results in a random fashion. Rather, they need to provide consistent meaning for everyone who is tested because the test results imply behavioral choices and treatment options. Clients and staff make major decisions based on test results. Nurses understand the concept of false negative and false positive. In the case of HIV testing, a false positive occurs when a person gets an HIVpositive test result but is not HIV infected. Conversely, a false-negative result occurs when a person gets an HIV-negative test result but is HIV-positive. We understand as clinicians that the lowest possible occurrence of fluke test results is essential if test results are to be meaningful or useful. Likewise, in a research context, the data must be stable and consistent so that we can make interpretations that are useful for understanding the phenomenon under investigation or for testing the outcomes of interventions. Equipment used in diagnostic assessment may need frequent calibration for accurate results, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and federal standards require that periodically all equipment be inspected and maintained by the biomedical engineering staff. On-paper instruments that are administered and interpreted by people provide reliable results only when all users are trained and certified to collect and interpret the data consistently. For example, the annual performance evaluation may or may not be applied and interpreted equitably throughout an institution by all raters, and for staff, salary increments or promotions may be at stake. Froman (1999) described a process of ensuring that a clinical ladder review system is objective, replicable, and fair—in other words, that it is consistently applied throughout a health care system. As another example, when people are subjected to performance testing, as in the case of CPR certification, it is crucial that all raters apply the criteria in the same way for certification to have meaning, or for it to be true that certified people “know” CPR." @default.
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• W2052984947 date "2002-03-01" @default.
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• W2052984947 title "Reliability in Testing: Clinical and Research Applications" @default.
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• W2052984947 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1055-3290(06)60203-3" @default.
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