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- W205360963 endingPage "490" @default.
- W205360963 startingPage "468" @default.
- W205360963 abstract "Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human stomach. Infection by H. pylori is associated with an increased risk for development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. An exotoxin produced by H. pylori, VacA induces formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultured epithelial cells. It also contributes to the capacity of H. pylori to colonize the stomach in a murine model of infection. In addition, VacA interferes with the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, which might be a factor that enables H. pylori to resist clearance by host immune defenses. This chapter reviews the present understanding of VacA, including its synthesis,genetic diversity, association with disease, activities, interaction with host cells, and structure. Several VacA activities, including vacuole formation and effects on mitochondria, may be attributed to the channel-forming properties of VacA. In this sense, VacA resembles a pore-forming toxin that acts on intracellular targets. Interestingly, there are numerous VacA proteins for which in vitro activities have not been identified. Further studies of s2-type proteins may lead to the identification of activities shared with si-type Vac A toxins that are highly relevant in vivo. Alternatively, the s i - and s2-type VacA proteins may have evolved divergent functions suited to the distinct lifestyles of different H. pylori isolates." @default.
- W205360963 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W205360963 creator A5000328601 @default.
- W205360963 creator A5017198868 @default.
- W205360963 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W205360963 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W205360963 title "Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin" @default.
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