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- W2054124722 abstract "Using validated models and methods routinely employed by pesticide regulatory agencies, the absorbed dosages of Agent Orange (AO) herbicide contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) were estimated for mixer/loaders, applicators, and individuals in the vicinity of applications of AO by C-123 aircraft during the Vietnam War. Resulting dosages of TCDD were then transformed to estimates of adipose residues, and compared to population biomonitoring of known mixer/loaders and applicators as well as ground troops in Vietnam and civilians in the U.S. Results demonstrate that mixer/loaders and applicators had the greatest exposures and their measured residues of TCDD in adipose were consistent with the estimated exposures. Further, the potentially exposed ground troops, including those who could have been directly sprayed during aerial defoliation, had measured adipose residues that were consistent with those in civilian U.S. populations with no defined source of exposure exposures and both of those cohorts had orders of magnitude less exposure than the mixer/loaders or applicators. Despite the availability of validated exposure modeling methods for decades, the quantitative TCDD dose estimates presented here are the first of their kind for the Vietnam conflict. • Aerial spraying accounted for >95% of Agent Orange (AO) herbicide used in Vietnam. • Exposures of AO operators and bystanders were calculated with validated algorithms. • Doses of operators converted to TCDD body burdens agree well with biomonitoring. • Ground troops’ body burdens of TCDD calculated or measured were background. • TCDD in AO is unlikely to be the source of reported illnesses in Vietnam veterans." @default.
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- W2054124722 date "2015-02-01" @default.
- W2054124722 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2054124722 title "Handler, bystander and reentry exposure to TCDD from application of Agent Orange by C-123 aircraft during the Vietnam War" @default.
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- W2054124722 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.005" @default.
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