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- W2054604172 abstract "The Cerro Hudson volcano in southern Chile (45.92°S, 73.0°W) emitted large ash and sulfur dioxide clouds on August 12–15, following several days of minor activity [ Global Volcanism Network Bulletin , 1991]. The SO 2 clouds were observed using (preliminary) near real‐time data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) as they encircled the south polar region. The injection of SO 2 into the stratosphere has essentially created a gigantic chemical tracer that could provide new insights into the wind patterns and seasonal circulation around the Antarctic region. around the Antarctic region. The TOMS instrument, on board the National Aeronautic and Space Administration's Nimbus 7 satellite, measures the ratio of backscattered Earth radiance to incoming solar irradiance in the ultraviolet spectrum. Although originally designed to measure ozone, it was later discovered that the TOMS instrument could also detect and quantify SO 2 [ Krueger , 1985]. After this discovery, measurements from TOMS were examined for SO 2 emissions for all recorded volcanic eruptions since Nimbus‐7 was launched in October 1978, and current data are analyzed as new eruptions occur. The satellite is in a polar, Sun‐synchronous orbit so that it crosses the equator at local noon and observes the whole sunlit Earth in approximately 14 orbits each day. Total column amounts of SO 2 are determined that represent the amount of gas affecting the reflection of ultraviolet light through a column of the atmosphere from the satellite to the reflecting surface, Earth, given in terms of milli atmospheres centimeter (1000 milli atm cm = a gas layer 1‐cm thick at STP). The mass of SO 2 is calculated by integrating over the cloud area to obtain a volume, then converting to tons." @default.
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- W2054604172 date "1991-11-05" @default.
- W2054604172 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W2054604172 title "Transport of Cerro Hudson SO<sub>2</sub> clouds" @default.
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- W2054604172 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/90eo00354" @default.
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