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- W2055552739 abstract "Recent work has shown that some ferroelectrics of the tungsten-bronze-type are potentially useful because they exhibit large linear electrooptic and second harmonic generation coefficients, are easily growable, and do not suffer from laser damage. We review these crystal systems in terms of a biased quadratic electro-optic effect g <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>ij</inf> from which the linear electrooptic properties can be predicted or vice versa. These relations are experimentally valid for KSr <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>2</inf> Nb <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>15</inf> . The resulting values of g <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>ij</inf> are similar to those found for other NbO <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>6</inf> -type crystals (e.g., KNbO <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>3</inf> , etc.), as are the measured values of the coefficients in the Devonshire free energy expansion. Thus fundamental properties of these tungsten-bronze ferroelectrics appear to be determined by the properties of the lattice of NbO <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>6</inf> octahedra which are linked together by sharing oxygen corners as in the case of the structurally related perovskites. In view of the importance of the NbO <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>6</inf> octrahedra in determining the behavior of the niobate ferroelectrics, we consider next the problems of improving the properties of the tungsten-bronze type materials while maintaining a homogeneous sublattice of NbO <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>6</inf> octahedra. This has been done by moving the transition temperature T <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>c</inf> close to room temperature as in (Ba, Sr)Nb <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>6</inf> and KSr <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>2</inf> Nb <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>15</inf> +xLaNb <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>9</inf> . We have also examined the system K <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>x</inf> Na <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>1-x</inf> Ba <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>2</inf> Nh <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>15</inf> and show that the advantageous properties of NaBa <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>2</inf> Nb <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>15</inf> can be effectively retained while eliminating the deleterious effect of microtwinning in these crystals. Finally we Show that at least the order of magnitude of the strain-optic effect which relates change of index to strain, can be understood in terms of the shifts of electronic bands with strain. This is analogous to the understanding of g <inf xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>ij</inf> in terms of shifts of electronic bands with polarization, a subject that is reviewed in this paper." @default.
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- W2055552739 date "1969-06-01" @default.
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- W2055552739 title "Properties and improvements of tungsten bronze ferroelectrics" @default.
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- W2055552739 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/t-ed.1969.16789" @default.
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