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- W2055873364 abstract "Abstract This paper investigates the identity implications of silence about genocide in commemorations of American Thanksgiving. In Study 1 we assessed the co-occurrence of national glorification themes with different forms of silence in commemoration products by conducting a content analysis of presidential Thanksgiving proclamations. In Study 2 we examined the extent to which different commemoration products are infused with particular beliefs and desires by measuring participants’ reactions to different Thanksgiving commemorations—a literal-silence condition that did not mention Indigenous Peoples, an interpretive-silence condition that mentioned Indigenous Peoples but did not explicitly mention genocidal conquest, and an anti-silence condition that did mention genocidal conquest—as a function of national glorification. In Study 3 we manipulated exposure to different Thanksgiving commemorations (with associated forms of silence) and assessed the impact on national glorification and identity-relevant action. Results provide evidence for the hypothesised, bi-directional relationship between national glorification and silence about genocide in commemorations of American Thanksgiving. Keywords: Collective memoryNational identityIndigenousGenocideHistory Acknowledgements Tuğçe Kurtiş and Glenn Adams, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas; Michael Yellow Bird, Global Indigenous Nations Studies, University of Kansas, USA. Notes 1While guidelines of the American Psychological Association dictate use of American Indian or Native American, some writers criticise such labels as “counterfeit” identities imposed by European American colonisers as tools of racist subjugation (e.g., Yellow Bird, Citation2004). For purposes of the present paper we use Indigenous Peoples as the pan-ethnic representation of past and present Indigenous populations within the United States. In a vivid demonstration of the link between national glorification and silence about past wrongdoing, Massachusetts officials decided that James's remarks were inappropriate for the planned celebration, so they rescinded his invitation to speak. Silenced at the anniversary event, James delivered his speech to a nearby gathering, where he proclaimed a National Day of Mourning with traditions of grieving and fasting that continue to operate in parallel to mainstream Thanksgiving celebrations. 2In other words, Bush mentioned the Massachusetts colony or Pilgrims in all eight proclamations, even though he never mentioned Indigenous Peoples. By contrast, each of the six times Clinton mentioned the Massachusetts colony, he also mentioned Indigenous Peoples. 3The two Clinton texts that are instances of literal silence provide important information in this regard. Due to the small sample size, it is not feasible to conduct formal tests of mean differences between these two texts and other categories. However, examination of means in Table 1 suggests that silence type, regardless of proclamation source, provides the best account of observed differences for the categories of freedom, tolerant diversity, and global citizenship Moreover, it is possible to examine the direction of deviation of these two Clinton texts from the other Clinton texts. If differences between silence categories are partly a function of silence type rather than source identity, then one can hypothesise that means for the two literal-silence Clinton texts will deviate from six interpretative-silence Clinton texts in the direction of other literal-silence (Bush) texts. This was true for 12 of the 15 categories in Table 1—all but national identity, challenge, and military—a proportion that constitutes a marginally significant deviation from chance, χ2(1) = 2.97, p=.085. Again, this pattern provides tentative evidence that some observed differences in thematic content across Thanksgiving proclamations may be a function of silence type, beyond the identity of the president who made the proclamation. 4After reading the text, participants completed several tasks designed to increase involvement with materials. They guessed the speaker and year of the speech, indicated their level of familiarity and agreement with it, and reproduced as much of the speech as possible in a free recall task. Preliminary analyses revealed no differences in these filler-task variables between text conditions. 5Here, and elsewhere, we first conducted preliminary analyses with national glorification, national attachment, and their interaction term as simultaneous predictors of each outcome. The Glorification×Attachment term was not a significant predictor in any analysis, so we report results from the main effects models. In addition to Poisson regression analyses of frequency data, we also conducted loglinear (for effects of the manipulation) and logistic regression (for implications of identification) analyses of mentions for Indigenous Peoples and genocidal history categories as dichotomous categories. The results are virtually identical to those we present." @default.
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- W2055873364 date "2010-02-01" @default.
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- W2055873364 title "Generosity or genocide? Identity implications of silence in American Thanksgiving commemorations" @default.
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- W2055873364 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903176478" @default.
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