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• W2056240952 abstract "New Phytol. (1982) 91, 621- 628 NIACIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN LEAF DISCS AND SEEDLINGS OF CATTLEYA SKINNER/ (ORCHIDACEAE) BY JAN L. COOPER, BRENDAL. HILTON, JOSEPH ARDITTI• AND JOHN B. TARRt Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717, U.S.A. (Accepted 3 March 1982) SUMMARY Seedlings and leaf discs of Cattleya skinneri incorporated label from 14 C- and 3 H-labelled tryptophan into niacin. Label from [ 14 C]glycerol and [1 4 C]aspartate was not significantly incorporated into the vitamin. INTRODUCTION Numerous attempts have been made to enhance the growth of orchid seedlings or replace the need for fungal symbionts through the addition of vitamins to culture media. In most instances, the effects of vitamins have been inconclusive at best. Niacin is the only exception in that it has enhanced the growth of seedlings of several species (Schaff stein, 1938, 1941 ; Noggle and Wynd, 1943; Bahme, 1949; Mariat, 1949, 1952; Arditti, 1967b; for reviews see Arditti, 1967a, 1979 ; Arditti and Harrison, 1977) and may be provided by some mycorrhizas (Hijner and Arditti, 1973). Because of this, orchid seedlings are a good system for the study of niacin biosynthesis in plants. Animals and some micro-organisms produce niacin via a catabolic pathway starting with tryptophan. Other micro-organisms synthesize the vitamin from aspartic acid and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The evidence regarding the bio- syn thesis of niacin by flowering plants is inconclusive. Several reports have suggested that the tryptophan pathway is operative, whereas others have maintained that it is not. These differences in opinion are due to the fact that some research was carried out without the use of labelled precursors and other work did not utilize appropriate organisms, techniques or metabolites (for a review see Arditti and Tarr, 1979). The work reported here was carried out to overcome some of these difficulties and obtain information on the pathways of niacin biosynthesis in angiosperms and on the metabolism of orchid seedlings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seedlings Seeds of Cattleya skinneri were germinated on Knudson C medium (Knudson, 1946) under aseptic conditions in the usual manner (Harrison and Arditti, 1970) • Address for reprint requests. t Present address, Analytical Development Corporation, 1875 Willow Park Way, P.O. Box 744, Monument, Colorado 80132, U.S.A. 0028-646X/82/080621 +08 803.00/0 1982 The New Phytologist" @default.
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• W2056240952 date "1982-08-01" @default.
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• W2056240952 title "NIACIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN LEAF DISCS AND SEEDLINGS OF CATTLEYA SKINNERI (ORCHIDACEAE)" @default.
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• W2056240952 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03341.x" @default.
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