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- W2056527566 endingPage "31" @default.
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- W2056527566 abstract "Hepatoma, or primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), occurs infrequently in the United States, with fewer than 10,000 new patients annually accounting for less than 2% of all malignancies (150). The age-standardized annual incidence in males is 2.9 per 100,000 of the population, while that of females is 1.2 per 100,000. A similarly low incidence is found in Northern Europe, the United Kingdom, and South America. In areas ofAfrica and the Orient, however, it is the most common malignant tumor. Singapore men of Chinese descent have an annual age adjusted incidence of 34.2 per 100,000, while in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, men have a rate of almost 65 per 100,000 (51). Kew reviewed the spectrum of disease occurrence in southern Africa and noted that Shengaan males in Mozambique had a particularly high rate of this tumor, representing more than 50% of all male cancers (87). Worldwide, the disease occurs predominantly in men in their fourth to seventh decade (51), with a median survival after diagnosis of less than four months. HCC is an important health problem throughout the world being responsible for between 250,000 and 1,250,OOO deaths a year. A detailed discussion of the etiology of HCC is beyond the scope of this review. However, there is an association of chronic hepatic injury with the development of HCC. In North and South America, the two coexist in from 22% to over 60% of HCC patients (35, 46, 77, 97, 103, 112), despite the fact that only a minority of patients have a clinical history of antecedent acute hepatitis or jaundice (35, 97). In Asia and Africa, the rate of cirrhosis is even higher, being pathologically documented in from 60% to almost 90% of patients (7, 11, 14, 66, 68, 88, 91, 95, 98, 102, 116, 126, 154). These patients also had subclinical liver disease (98, 102, 116, 126). The hepatitis B virus has been closely linked with the development ofHCC. The cirrhosis seen in HCC patients appears to be overwhelmingly the macronodular or postnecrotic type (7, 11,66,68,91,95, 103, 154), which is the chronic sequela of hepatitis B infection. In addition, HBsAg, an indicator of persistent viral infection, is found in sera from 3290% of HCC patients from widely disparate geographical locations (11, 14, 35, 68, 81, 91, 95, 97, 98, 102, 116, 126), a rate far in excess of the carrier rate of the asymptomatic" @default.
- W2056527566 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2056527566 creator A5002920422 @default.
- W2056527566 creator A5003716898 @default.
- W2056527566 creator A5083042973 @default.
- W2056527566 date "1988-03-01" @default.
- W2056527566 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2056527566 title "Clinical trials in primary hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future directions" @default.
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