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- W2056578107 abstract "Menstruation may be considered the endocrine equivalent of miscarriage. In both menstruation and miscarriage, endometrial shedding is provoked by the sudden decline in estrogen and progesterone that occurs when fertilization or implantation fails to take place or is defective. The monthly bleeding is, therefore, the result of repeated reproductive failure since, in a free, natural setting, women would be either pregnant or lactating ad libitum, hence amenorrheic. Menstruation has become an obligatory feature of life for civilized women, who are educated to accept the monthly bleeding as a price to pay for avoiding pregnancy [ 1 Coutinho E.M. Menstrua����o: a sangria in��til. Editora Gente, S��o Paulo (Brazil)1996 Google Scholar , 2 Coutinho E.M. Segal S. Is menstruation obsolete?. Oxford University Press, New York1999 Google Scholar ]. This ���avoidance of conception��� does not occur naturally since sexual activity in nature is predominantly associated with ovulation, a condition that renders females both attractive and receptive [ 3 Harvey S.M. Female sexual behaviour. Fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. J Psychosom Res. 1987; 31: 101-110 Google Scholar , 4 Hedricks C. Piccinino L.J. Udry J.R. Chimbira T.H. Peak coital rate coincides with onset of luteinizing hormone surge. Fertil Steril. 1987; 48: 234-238 Google Scholar ]. In order to avoid conception, civilized women had to learn how to minimize their sexual attractiveness while retaining their enhanced social magnetism during ovulation by bathing, using deodorants and perfume and covering their bodies as completely as possible. Whenever they succeeded in avoiding sex during ovulation, they then had to deal with the inevitable bleeding that would ensue. In the beginning, they had to hide during menstruation, secluding themselves in a separate room or location, as women of many indigenous tribes still do today. The development of fabrics such as cotton, silk and linen led to the creation of sanitary protection, which could be replaced at regular intervals [ 5 Tannahill R. Sex in history. Scarborough Publishers, Chelsea (Mich)1992 Google Scholar , 6 Lee R.B. Population growth and the beginning of sedentary life among the Kung bushmen. in: Spooner B. Population growth: anthropological implications. MIT Press, Cambridge (Mass)1972: 329-342 Google Scholar ]." @default.
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- W2056578107 date "2007-10-01" @default.
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- W2056578107 title "To bleed or not to bleed, that is the question" @default.
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- W2056578107 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2007.06.004" @default.
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