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• W2056588559 abstract "The in vitro phagocytosis-promoting properties of hemolymph from the freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, are described. Hemocytes were capable of phagocytosing aldehyde-fixed erythrocytes (RBCs) of seven vertebrate species with equal facility, but only in the presence of homologous clam plasma. The plasma factors mediating erythrophagocytosis were heat sensitive. Pretreatment (opsonizing) of target RBCs with plasma also resulted in enhancement of hemocyte particle uptake in the absence of plasma. Opsonin-dependent phagocytosis required the presence of divalent cations, especially calcium, although not in free ionic form. Evidence suggests that the plasma opsonin may normally exist as a divalent cation-macromolecular complex since opsonizing activity was retained after dialysis against Tris-buffered saline (TBS), but was lost following TBS/EDTA or TBS/EGTA dialysis. We also have identified an opsonin-independent phagocytosis mechanism in which Corbicula hemocytes are able to ingest nonopsonized RBCs in the absence of homologous plasma. Extracellular calcium or magnesium in the incubation medium is needed for particle uptake, although the direct binding of free ions to the target RBC surface does not appear to be mediating enhanced phagocytosis. From the present data, it is concluded that hemocyte recognition of aldehyde-fixed RBCs can be accomplished by either of two mechanisms: (1) by the coating of cells with plasma factors capable of triggering the phagocytic process (opsonization) or (2) by a plasma opsonin-independent mechanism in which extracellular divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+ or Mg2+) in the incubation buffer stimulate uptake of nonopsonized RBCs. The factors regulating in vitro erythrophagocytosis by clam hemocytes are considered to be analogous to those involved in nonimmune opsonin-dependent and -independent phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages." @default.
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• W2056588559 date "1987-11-01" @default.
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• W2056588559 title "Role of divalent cations in plasma opsonin-dependent and-independent erythrophagocytosis by hemocytes of the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea" @default.
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• W2056588559 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(87)90097-8" @default.
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