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• W2056962584 abstract "Abstract Interpretation, drilling, and discovery of subsalt reservoirs has been enabled by development of 3-D prestack depth migration of large marine 3-D seismic surveys. Although this technology has greatly improved imaging below salt, questions remain about amplitude variations in the data. This investigation uses raytrace modeling to study the aerial variations in the amplitudes of the subsalt reflections causedby complex salt structures and by large overlying velocity variations. The ultimate goal of this research is to understand the distortions and subtract them from the data, so that themore subtle variations in the seismic response caused by gas, oil. or brine in the reservoir rocks may be ascertained. A 3-D computer model was built from the seismic and velocity volumes prodUced by 3-D prestack migration. Northsouth and east-west oriented 3-D seismic surveys were simulated in the model using Landmark's QUIKSHOTprogram. The raytracing results were sorted into reflection point gathers similar to the migration process used in 3-D prestack depth migration. Maps of the rays that hit a reflection-point bin and of the total and average amplitude per bin were prepared and analyzed. The following results were produced:Below the salt, hits per bin vary from 0 to 200 for data shot with geometric 30-fold coverage.The tota1 amplitude per bin varies by more than an order of magnitude.The edges of the salt bodies cause extensive distortion because of the salt's steep slopes and the bending of the rays that pass through the salt compared to those that do not.The salt shapes are so complex that generalizations are difficult and 3-D seismic modeling is needed to understand subsalt coverage.There are large differences in subsalt coverage between surveys shot in different directions. A multi-directional 3-D shoot would add significantly to the true reflection-point fold in most areas under sall Introduction As of December 1996, at least 7 subsalt discoveries have been reported in the Gulf of Mexico (Moore and Brooks, 1997) 1. A significant contribution to these successes was the availability of prestack depth migration (PDM) of 3-D seismicsurveys. In many areas the advent of 3-D PDM enabled imaging of the subsalt structures for the rust time (Ratcliff and Weber. 1997)2. But areas still exist that are difficult to interprel Figure 1 shows a north-south line from the 3-D prestack depth migrated line over the Mahogany No. 1 discovery well. Near the well horizons are mappable. But to the north the subsalt data is difficult to interpret. Under the edges of the salt thedata become noisy and it is difficult to follow a reflector through this area. This study uses raytrace modeling to explain the seismic response observed below salt and to identify improvements in data acquisition. Another reason touse raytracing is that most 3-D prestack depth migrations currently use raytracing to move the energy recorded to its proper spatial position." @default.
• W2056962584 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2056962584 date "1997-05-05" @default.
• W2056962584 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2056962584 title "Quantifying Seismic Amplitude Distortions Below Salt" @default.
• W2056962584 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/8339-ms" @default.
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