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- W2057420056 abstract "Ciliate genetic studies have traversed a considerable distance since the early reviews of Sonneborn (70) and Beale (7) were published. These re views have not yet been replaced, but they have been supplemented by peri odic expansions on selected subjects, notably by Sonneborn's analyses of breeding systems (73) and symbiotic particles (74) and Beale's (8) review of serotypes. More recently, several excellent general surveys with some what different emphases have been prepared by Allen (1), Kimball (36), and Preer (58). These works effectively remove any strong obligation to provide a comprehensive guide to the literature or even a survey of recent developments. What justification then remains for a review on Ciliate ge netics? Perhaps a useful function would be served by an interpretive essay on the place of such studies in modern biology. This task has often been undertaken before [see e.g. Sonneborn (78)], but may be worth another effort. The facts emerging from the Ciliate studies are not difficult to com prehend, but their meaning is sometimes difficult to assess. Breeding analy sis is employed as the major analytical device in Ciliate investigations. The results are, naturally enough, juxtaposed upon the results of breeding anal yses in other organisms, and the discrepancies frequently encountered can be disconcerting. A central problem is that conjugation in the Ciliates has a somewhat different biological significance than does a cross in most other forms. To be sure, the genetic assortment accomplished in conjugation is strictly equivalent to that in other diploid organisms, but the nuclear prod ucts of recombination develop under circumstances which illuminate epige netic as well as genetic mechanisms. The Ciliate system is ideally suited for probing problems of cytoplasmic continuity, nuclear differentiation, and nucleocytoplasmic interactions. A cross in a Ciliate is in some respects equivalent to a nuclear transfer into a somatic cell; it is a Briggs & King experiment in reverse [see Siegel (65)]. Instead of introducing a differentiated nucleus into undifferen tiated cytoplasm, a germinal nucleus is inserted into a functional somatic system. Somatic systems have not been readily assessed by crosses or by nu clear transfers into eggs because of the very special properties of the ga metes. Even somatic hybridization [see Finch & Ephrussi (20)] yields somewhat ambiguous results because of the quantitative equivalence of the" @default.
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- W2057420056 date "1968-12-01" @default.
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- W2057420056 title "CILIATE GENETICS: PATTERNS AND PROGRAMS OF GENE ACTION" @default.
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- W2057420056 doi "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.02.120168.001005" @default.
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