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- W2057903115 abstract "Spoiled samples of radiation-sterilized ground beef are found to contain large numbers of non-sporing forms of bacteria, which are found to be remarkably resistant to radiation. These organisms are described and classified and their resistance to gamma radiation, ultraviolet light, and heat are characterized. Three cultures of a micrococcus and one of a rod culture are described. All four cultures are non-motile, non-sporing, non-encapsulated, aerobic Gram-positive organisms forming pink to red colonies. The cocci are typically found in tetrads, while the rods appear as single cells or in chains. The morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical reactions, and physiological characteristics of the organisms are described. The cultures do not closely resemble previously described species. The names proposed are: for the coccus, Micrococcus radiodurans Anderson Nov. Spec.; and for the rod, Brevibacterium oregonium Anderson Nov. Spec. Raw pureed meat substrates are developed that can be pipetted for quantitative bacteriological studies. Using these methods, gamma radiation survival curves are determined in raw beef using four strains of Micrococcus radiodurans and one culture of Brevibacterium oregonium. The rod culture is as resistant as the most resistant strain of the coccus cultures. Survival curves in raw and cooked beef, raw chicken, raw fish, and buffer aremore » determined. The effects of growth medium and of initial cell concentration are investigated. All cultures exhibit segmoidal survival curves in all menstrua used. Terms are developed to describe the survival curves under various experimental conditions. The most resistant cultures are reduced in number by a factor of about 10/sup -5/ by 3.0 megarad, 10/sup -9/ by 4.0 megarad and 10/sup - 12/ by 4.7 megarad. Higher menstruum temperatures during radiation and preirradiation heat treatments lower resistance to irradiation. Irradiation in a frozen menstruum offers only slight protection. The effects on resistance of various modifying factors in a buffer substrate are described. Ascorbate seems to greatly enhance radiation destruction. The gamma-resistant micrococcus is shown to be more resistant to ultraviolet light (UVL) than other nonsporing bacteria or spores of Bacillus globigii. Some similarities and differences in response to UVL and gamma radiation are pointed out. The effects on resistance to UVL of various menstruum factors were described. Photoreactivation is not demonstrated. The thermal resistance of the most gamma-resistant coccus culture is characterized by Decimal-reduction-time (D values) and z-values. Thermal death, unlike radiation inactivation, seems to approximate an exponential rate. A D/sub 140/= 0.75 and z = 10.65 describe the heat resistance in beef.« less" @default.
- W2057903115 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2057903115 date "1961-05-15" @default.
- W2057903115 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2057903115 title "Physiological studies on radiation resistant bacteria occurring in food" @default.
- W2057903115 hasPublicationYear "1961" @default.
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