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- W2058388624 abstract "Abstract The North Sea Bioaccumulation Program was begun in 1995 to monitor and model the fate and effects of produced water discharges to the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. This program includes determining the levels and significance of key contaminants that may concentrate through the food web. In 1999 the potential impacts in the Ekofisk Region were investigated. Sampling and chemical analysis techniques were selected to obtain optimum data for different interpretation objectives. The field methods included sampling (1) in situ, large volume waters, (2) semipermeable membrane devices, (3) caged mussels, and (4) plankton. Samples were collected near and distant to produced water discharges and state-of-the-art trace level analytical methods were applied to determine a suite of organic contaminants, including total hydrocarbons, and more than 60 parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phenols, decalins, and benzothiophenes. Toxic or produced water characteristic metals were also measured. Most target analytes were detected at most stations, contrary to earlier studies that used more conventional and less sensitive and specific sampling and measurement techniques. The concentrations of produced water derived contaminants decreased rapidly with increased distance from the platforms, to near-background levels 5 km from the discharge. Produced water-specific contaminant composition was identified, and compositional changes were observed with distance and time from discharge. An ecological risk assessment was performed using multiple data assessment techniques, and consistently showed that the produced water poses a very low risk to the marine ecology. This work shows the importance of customizing the sampling procedures for specific needs, carefully selecting source-and effects-specific analytes for measurement, and using matrix-specific ultra-sensitive analytical methods. Data generated in this manner can confidently be used for a variety of data analysis and interpretation purposes (e.g., contaminant transport and dissolution, contaminant bioaccumulation, environmental risk assessment, degradation and persistence of contaminants, source identification)." @default.
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- W2058388624 date "2000-06-26" @default.
- W2058388624 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2058388624 title "Monitoring and Assessment of Produced Water Originating Contaminants in the Ekofisk Region of the North Sea" @default.
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- W2058388624 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/61132-ms" @default.
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