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- W2058420147 abstract "A 62-year-old alcoholic man with a 20-year history of type I diabetes mellitus was referred to our hospital for an asymptomatic esophageal lesion. The endoscopic biopsy had provisionally identified the tumor as an adenosquamous carcinoma of the midesophagus. The patient had also been a heavy smoker for 40 years. An esophagogastroscopy revealed a type 0-IIa+IIc lesion accompanied by negative iodine-dye staining (Figure A). Magnified narrow band imaging indicated a VN pit-pattern of intrapapillary capillary loop (Figure B). These endoscopic findings suggested that the lesion was indeed a small, superficial, but mostly submucosal carcinoma. Preoperative imaging studies revealed neither metastasis of regional lymph nodes nor distant metastatic diffusion. The patient underwent a radical esophagectomy and had an uneventful recovery. The resected esophagus was 25-cm long, whereas the esophageal lesion, measuring 12 × 10 mm, showed histologic heterogeneity. It harbored both components of a squamous cell carcinoma component (SCC) in situ with associated marked lymphocyte infiltration (Figure C, H&E, ×20) and a small blue cell tumor (Figure D, H&E, ×40). The former was located in the lamina propria and the latter in the submucosa. The differential diagnosis of the latter included malignant lymphoma, amelanotic melanoma, and neuroendocrine tumor. Subsequent immunohistochemistry of this component yielded positive CD 56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin staining. Surprisingly, the Ki-67 score exceeded 75%, although the tumor was minute and non-necrotic (Figure E, ×10). There was neither lymph node metastasis nor lymph-vascular invasion. Using the World Health Organization's classification of tumors of the digestive system 2010,1Bosman F.T. Carneiro F. Hruban R.H. et al.Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of digestive system. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system.4th ed. IARC, Lyon, France2010: 13-14Google Scholar we diagnosed this component as a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC, small cell type, grade 3). Furthermore, microscopy also detected an abrupt transition between these two components (Figure F, 1: NEC; 2: SCC; 3: marked lymphocyte infiltration, anti-synaptophysin, ×4). Preoperative evaluation failed to confirm any primary lesions that had metastasized to the esophagus. Based on our findings that primary 2 independent neoplasms appearing as 1 lesion indeed developed adjacently but never intermingled, this case led unequivocally to the diagnosis of an esophageal collision tumor. An esophageal collision tumor is a statistically aberrant situation that shows different neoplasms growing independently and simultaneously in close proximity until they become juxtaposed; however, it should be rigorously distinguished from mixed or composite tumors in which 1 neoplastic clone diverges into 2 cell lineages that actually intermingle.2Dias A.R. Sallum R.A. Zalc N. et al.Squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma colliding in the esophagus.Clinics. 2010; 65: 114-117Crossref PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar Although the exact oncogenic mechanism or the interaction of 2 independent neoplasms in a collision tumor still remains unclear, reportedly, pluripotent stem cells in the esophageal endoderm can undergo malignant transformation independently and synchronously.3Mori M. Matsukuma A. Adachi Y. et al.Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.Cancer. 1989; 63: 564-573Crossref PubMed Scopus (75) Google Scholar Long-term mucosal exposure to alcohol and smoke is considered a potent tumor promoter of SCC as well as NEC. Additionally, genetic alterations may play a crucial role in the development of 2 adjacent tumors into a collision tumor. Histopathologic, immunochemical, and electron microscopic findings, together with the genetic analysis of microsatellite instability of SCC and NEC and evidence of the coexistence of NEC with SCC, will all undoubtedly aid in elucidating the pathomechanism of colliding tumors.2Dias A.R. Sallum R.A. Zalc N. et al.Squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma colliding in the esophagus.Clinics. 2010; 65: 114-117Crossref PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar" @default.
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- W2058420147 date "2014-03-01" @default.
- W2058420147 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2058420147 title "An Esophageal Collision Tumor" @default.
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- W2058420147 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.08.016" @default.
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