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- W2058464043 abstract "Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with the estimated incidence growing by approximately 6% annually. There are striking ethnic differences in the prevalence of CKD such that, in the United States, African Americans have the highest prevalence of CKD, four times the incidence of end stage renal disease when compared to Americans of European ancestry suggestive of genetic predisposition. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are the major causes of CKD. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is an irreversible form of CKD with considerable morbidity and mortality and is present predominantly in people of African ancestry. The APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles were more strongly associated with the risk for CKD than the previously examined MYH9 E1 risk haplotype in individuals of African ancestry. A strong association was reported in HIVAN, suggesting that 50% of African Americans with two APOL1 risk alleles, if untreated, would develop HIVAN. However these two variants are not enough to cause disease. The prevailing belief is that modifying factors or second hits (including genetic hits) underlie the pathogenesis of kidney disease. This work reviews the history of genetic susceptibility of CKD and outlines current theories regarding the role for APOL1 in CKD in the HIV era." @default.
- W2058464043 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2058464043 creator A5018055193 @default.
- W2058464043 creator A5046734557 @default.
- W2058464043 creator A5055162088 @default.
- W2058464043 creator A5067532347 @default.
- W2058464043 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W2058464043 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2058464043 title "African origins and chronic kidney disease susceptibility in the human immunodeficiency virus era" @default.
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- W2058464043 doi "https://doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v4.i2.295" @default.
- W2058464043 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4419140" @default.
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- W2058464043 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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