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• W2059405204 abstract "The dimensions of bacteriophage ΦX174 were measured in order to establish its diffusion constant and to examine the process of virus adsorption to host cells: In the electron microscope the capsid diameter of ΦX174 measured 33.8 ± 2.1 nm in negatively stained preparations (from tip to opposite tip of the capsid spikes), and 26.9 ± 2.1 nm without the spikes. In freeze-etched replicas ΦX174 revealed a capsid of 32.3 ± 1.8 nm diameter composed of 12 capsomeres. From these dimensions the diffusion constant was estimated to be 1.78 × 10−7 ± 0.10 cm2/see in nutrient broth at 37°. In stereomicrographs the orientation of the capsid bound to the host surface appears random, as does the distribution of the virus particles over the cell surface. After freeze-fracturing (avoiding etching) virus particles are not seen; instead, a “bumpy” structure of the fracture plane along the cell surface shows up; etching for 10–30 sec at -100°, however, produces smooth “cell surfaces” revealing the virus with its capsomeres. Freeze-etched intracellular virus particles are devoid of a well-defined capsid structure. In ultrathin sections the adsorbed virus particles measure 24.0 ± 1.5 nm; they appear to be randomly distributed over the cell surface. In order to examine the structure of the adsorption sites in ultrathin sections, a method was developed that kept ≥80% of the virus adsorbed to the cells during fixation, dehydration and embedding. In the ultrathin sections 74% of the adsorbed ΦX particles were seen to be positioned over wall membrane adhesions. The “maximal” adsorption rates were computed from the diffusion constant and compared to the adsorption rates obtained experimentally; these reached 70% of the “maximal” rate. Since the adhesion areas comprise only <6% of the total cell surface, a “one hit” adsorption mechanism can only be envisioned when, subsequent to virus-cell collision, a lateral two-dimensional diffusion of the virus takes place; however, an alternate adsorption model can be developed that assumes a multiple, random hit-and-desorption process with sticking of the virus only when a wall membrane adhesion is hit. At present, the available data do not allow a decision in favor of either of these hypotheses." @default.
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• W2059405204 title "On uncertainties inherent in the determination of the efficiency of collision between virus particles and cells" @default.
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• W2059405204 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(63)91196-x" @default.
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