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- W2059590561 abstract "Le tissu adipeux brun des mammifères est un ensemble de dépôts adipeux constitués d’adipocytes particuliers, les adipocytes bruns, distincts morphologiquement et fonctionnellement des adipocytes blancs. Ce tissu, largement étudié chez les rongeurs et les animaux hibernants, est un acteur essentiel de la thermogenèse adaptative et du maintien de la température corporelle à 37 °C. Le mécanisme thermogénique est expliqué par un nombre très élevé de mitochondries dont la respiration est exceptionnellement non limitée par leur capacité à synthétiser l’ATP. Ce découplage entre la respiration mitochondriale et la phosphorylation de l’ADP est induit, de manière physiologiquement contrôlée, par UCP1, un transporteur de protons uniquement présent dans la membrane interne mitochondriale des adipocytes bruns. Le tissu adipeux brun est présent chez les enfants à la naissance. Alors que l’idée de la présence du tissu chez les humains adultes était principalement rejetée malgré des travaux contraires à cette conclusion effectués dans les années 1980, des informations très récentes fournies par les spécialistes de l’imagerie par TEP-Scan et les oncologues établissent sans contestation la présence de tissu adipeux brun fonctionnel chez les adultes de notre espèce. Ces données réhabilitent le tissu adipeux brun humain en relation avec le contrôle de la température interne et réouvrent la question d’un rôle plus large de ce tissu dans la balance énergétique. The mammalian brown adipose tissue is made of adipose depots formed by specific adipocytes, the brown adipocytes, morphologically and functionally distinct from white adipocytes. Most studies on brown adipose tissue were carried out in rodents and hibernators and demonstrated its major role in adaptive thermogenesis and the control of body temperature. Thermogenesis in brown adipocytes results from a very high number of mitochondria exhibiting a unique capacity to respire independently of their capacity to synthesise ATP. This uncoupling between respiration and ADP phosphorylation is induced, in a physiologically-regulated manner, by UCP1, a proton carrier uniquely present in the inner membrane of brown fat mitochondria. Brown adipose tissue is present in newborn babies, but it was accepted, contrary to the conclusion of data presented around 1980–1986, that this tissue does not exist in human adults. Very recent data presented by oncologists and expert in PET-Scan imaging provided convincing data in favor of the presence of abundant brown adipose tissue in adult humans. These data clearly establish that brown adipose tissue is active in maintenance of body temperature in individuals exposed to the cold. They also re-open the question of a significant role for brown adipose tissue in energy balance in man." @default.
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- W2059590561 date "2012-03-01" @default.
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- W2059590561 title "Le tissu adipeux brun humain" @default.
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