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• W2060382306 abstract "Abstract Applying upscaling techniques is an undeniable demand in reservoir simulation, considering the difference between level of details in a geological model and level of details that can be handled by reservoir simulators. Upscaling reservoir model involves first constructing a coarse grid by employing gridding algorithms and then computing average properties for coarse grid blocks. Although various techniques have been proposed for each of these steps, one has to be aware of strengths and weaknesses of each technique before attempting to apply them. In this paper, we focus on different gridding methods and evaluate their performances. Three main grid generation techniques are considered: permeability-based (PB), flow-based (FB), and vorticity-based (VB) gridding. We apply all three methods to some 2D heterogeneous models and simulate two-phase flow on the constructed grids. Then we compare their obtained global and local results. Fluid cuts at producer is employed as global performance indicator and saturation distribution error as local indicator. We show that FB and VB gridding, which are dynamic methods, are superior to PB gridding, which is a static method. Based on this analysis, we then concentrate on FB and VB griddings and investigate their performances in greater details. While FB gridding uses fluid velocity as grid blocks density indicator, VB gridding combines velocity and permeability variation in gridding according to its definition and takes advantages of both. Therefore, although performance of FB and VB griddings are comparable in many cases, VB has benefit of producing coarse grid blocks with more uniform permeability and fluid properties distribution. This in turn yields more accurate global and local results and reduces application of sophisticated upscaling techniques and full-tensor permeability upscaling. Introduction With no doubt reservoir simulation is one of the most effective tools for reservoir engineers. Nowadays numerical simulation of oil reservoirs plays an important role in petroleum science and engineering. The main input to reservoir simulator is the geological details of reservoir obtained by geologists and reservoir engineers. These geological data are integrated to build a fine scale/grid model of the reservoir that represents geological features and heterogeneities at different length scales. The fine scale features have significant impact on reservoir performance.1,2 However, the fine scale geological model is too detailed to be accommodated by common reservoirs simulators due to mainly processing time. Although parallel processing is available nowadays, it is not well capable of solving this problem given the fact that geological models are becoming finer every day. To tackle this problem, a common approach is to upscale fine grid into a coarse grid model, which has equivalent performance. Upscaling is further motivated by the fact that the geological description of reservoir is uncertain and reservoir engineers have to estimate risk and uncertainty in reservoir performance. This requires reservoir simulation for about hundred different realization of reservoir that is time consuming and costly even by using coarse grid. Various upscaling techniques including analytical and numerical with different accuracies and range of applicability have been introduced in literature to calculate upscaled flow properties mainly absolute permeability. A compehensive review of which can be in3–6." @default.
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• W2060382306 date "2009-02-02" @default.
• W2060382306 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2060382306 title "A Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of Coarse Grid Generation Techniques for Numerical Simulation of Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media" @default.
• W2060382306 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/118712-ms" @default.
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