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- W2060957092 abstract "DR EVARTS Graham and his colleague, senior medical student Ernest Wynder, published the results of their collaborative epidemiologic studies in the<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>about the time of Mr Wynder's graduation as a physician. The article, Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma, was a seminal article in 1950 for a number of reasons. It was the largest retrospective study on tobacco smoking conducted up to that time. It incorporated patients from many centers, thus obviating the criticism that a particular group of adults were subject to a unique, unknown exposure in a defined geographic region, thereby confounding the results. It established standards for retrospective studies, which included a successful technique for quantifying the number of cigarettes (plus cigars and pipesful of tobacco) consumed, the number of years of smoking, the age at which smoking began, and the brand of cigarettes smoked (although such" @default.
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- W2060957092 date "1985-05-24" @default.
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- W2060957092 title "Smoking and Lung Cancer" @default.
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- W2060957092 doi "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350440073034" @default.
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