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- W2062076511 abstract "The December 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 raises an important legal problem for decision‐makers contemplating retaliation against such acts of terrorism. Conceivably, retaliation could conflict with and help erode international norms of self‐defense. Counter‐terrorist experts and government officials espousing the use of force have minimized, if not ignored, this potential conflict and its negative impact on world order. On the other hand, the 1986 US raid on Libya and the 1985 Israeli raid on PLO headquarters in Tunisia reveal that under limited circumstances force would be deemed appropriate. The informal adjudication of these incidents by relevant international actors suggests a tolerance for the resort to force in the US case and ambivalence in the Israeli case. The US and Israeli cases guide a subsequent discussion of the conditions under which the use of force against terrorist bases in response to terrorist attacks could be legitimated. The resort to force against such activity, it is argued, ..." @default.
- W2062076511 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2062076511 date "1989-10-01" @default.
- W2062076511 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2062076511 title "Terrorist attacks on nationals: The lawful use of force against terrorist bases on foreign soil" @default.
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- W2062076511 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/09546558908427038" @default.
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