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- W2063697321 abstract "In 1973, Erdős proved that a positive proportion of numbers are not of the form <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=sigma left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis minus n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ<!-- σ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−<!-- − --></mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>sigma (n)-n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, the sum of the proper divisors of <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. We prove the analogous result where <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=sigma> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>σ<!-- σ --></mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is replaced with the sum-of-unitary-divisors function <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=sigma Superscript asterisk> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>σ<!-- σ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>sigma ^*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> (which sums divisors <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=d> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=left-parenthesis d comma n slash d right-parenthesis equals 1> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>(d, n/d) = 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>), thus solving a problem of te Riele from 1976. We also describe a fast algorithm for enumerating numbers not in the form <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=sigma left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis minus n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ<!-- σ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−<!-- − --></mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>sigma (n)-n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=sigma Superscript asterisk Baseline left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis minus n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>σ<!-- σ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−<!-- − --></mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>sigma ^*(n)-n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, and <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=n minus phi left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−<!-- − --></mml:mo> <mml:mi>φ<!-- φ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>n-varphi (n)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, where <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=phi> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>φ<!-- φ --></mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>varphi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is Euler’s function." @default.
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- W2063697321 date "2013-10-29" @default.
- W2063697321 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2063697321 title "Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function" @default.
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