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• W2063808184 abstract "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the noninvasive imaging modality of choice for diagnosing bone marrow disorders. The technique complements bone marrow biopsies by elucidating large areas of the skeleton and providing information on the spatial distribution of red, yellow, and diseased marrow. In the majority of cases, MRI studies are limited to the spine and pelvic bones, where most lesions occur. The MR appearance of the bone marrow depends on the presence and proportions of trabecular bone, fat, water, and cellular elements. Each of the components gives a proper MR signal and therefore displays a specific brightness. Customarily, for hematological questions T1-weighted images (often also after administration of contrast media), T2-weighted images (mostly with the fast spin echo technique) and images with the fat component of the bone marrow being suppressed (e.g. short inversion-time inversion recovery, STIR) are produced. Knowledge of the normal pattern of red and yellow marrow in children, adolescents, and adults is imperative before pathological processes in the marrow can be identified. Fatty marrow displays a characteristic bright signal in both T1- und T2-weighted images. Red marrow is darker than the fatty one; its signal intensity equals that of skeletal muscle. Neoplastic marrow is also darker than fatty and it is iso- or slightly hypointense to red marrow. The major factors responsible for this appearance are increased cellularity and enlarged water content. Three patterns of neoplastic infiltration can be distinguished on MR images: A diffuse pattern (when the normal marrow is largely replaced by the malignant tissue), a focal pattern reflecting nodular infiltration, and a variegated one created by multiple small foci of disease on a background of intact marrow. In aplastic anemia, the marrow demonstrates diffuse high signal intensity (in T1-weighted images), reflecting the preponderance of fat and the lack of hematopoietic cells. Conversely, in leukemia a mostly diffuse low signal intensity of the affected marrow is observed. In acute lymphoid leukemia, some value of MRI findings in predicting the response to chemotherapy has been described. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, treatment-free survival appears to be comparatively short in patients with abnormal MR imaging results." @default.
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• W2063808184 date "1999-01-01" @default.
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• W2063808184 title "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Bone Marrow: Technical Aspects – Normal Findings – Anemia – Leukemia" @default.
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• W2063808184 doi "https://doi.org/10.1159/000026946" @default.
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