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• W2064073178 abstract "I commend the authors of “Friction does not increase anchorage loading” (Southard TE, Marshall SD, Grosland NM. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:412-4) for highlighting a basic concept of friction and anchorage. I also read the letter of Dr Halazonetis (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:699) in response to the article. Over the years, we have read repeatedly in standard textbooks that, to slide a tooth or teeth on an archwire, the orthodontist must apply enough force to overcome friction and to cause orthodontic tooth movement. When a tooth slides along an archwire, frictional force acts between the archwire and the bracket slot. This frictional force acts in the opposite direction to the sliding motion. Take the example of retracting a maxillary canine into a first premolar extraction space by sliding mechanics. As Southard et al explained, frictional force reduces the retraction force on the canine and also the protraction force on the molar. In spite of knowing the law of friction, no one ever mentioned that frictional force at the molar tends to decrease the protraction force at that molar. I think everybody would agree with that, because it is in accordance with the laws of friction. Southard et al challenged previous concepts that everyone was following. I congratulate them, but I would like to add some additional comments. Southard concluded that effective forces against the roots of a canine and a molar (100 g) in the sliding mechanics system are the same as in a frictionless system. This concept looks fine when we see the illustrations in the article, but the actual clinical situation is different. Clinically, one cannot estimate the exact magnitude of friction, and so force is applied beyond what is necessary to overcome friction. In that case, effective forces against the root of the molar and the canine might be greater in friction mechanics than in a frictionless system. When we overestimate and apply the force to overcome friction, then that force can become optimal for the molar to move forward. Whereas in frictionless mechanics, the fabrication and activation of a loop is more precise, one also knows the forces and moment from the calibration tables and also the time to activate the loop. The authors made an excellent attempt to challenge existing knowledge and concepts that all of us were just following without questioning. The publication of such articles is not disappointing for our specialty. In fact, this type of article should be encouraged because it is thought- provoking; one feels that people are really thinking without blindly following others. The authors mentioned finite element modelling study to support their viewpoint. It will be good if that study is also published because it will throw light on the finer aspects of friction and anchorage. Authors’ responseAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsVol. 132Issue 5PreviewWe appreciate Dr Sehgal’s effort in writing his letter. As he pointed out, we responded to some issues in a previous exchange in the “Letters to the editor” section. I believe we addressed Dr Sehgal’s comments, for the most part, in our reponse to Dr Halazonetis in June. However, he brought up the question of what happens if the retraction force is increased beyond that required to overcome friction. Full-Text PDF" @default.
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• W2064073178 title "Friction and anchorage" @default.
• W2064073178 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.09.009" @default.
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