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• W2065537162 abstract "[1] The performance of the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system in forecasting PM 2.5 and chemical species is assessed over the eastern United States with the observations obtained by aircraft (NOAA P-3 and NASA DC-8) and four surface monitoring networks (AIRNOW, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) study. The results of the statistical analysis at the AIRNOW sites show that the model was able to reproduce the day-to-day and spatial variations of observed PM 2.5 and captured a majority (73%) of PM 2.5 observations within a factor of 2, with normalized mean bias of -21%. The consistent underestimations in regional PM 2.5 forecast at networks (IMPROVE and STN) were mainly due to the underestimation of total carbonaceous aerosols at both urban and rural sites. The significant underestimation of the other category, which predominantly is composed of primary emitted trace elements in the current model configuration, is also one of the reasons leading to the underestimation of PM 2.5 at rural sites. The systematic overestimations of SO 2- 4 both at the surface sites and aloft, in part, suggest too much SO 2 cloud oxidation due to the overestimation of SO 2 and H 2 O 2 in the model. The underestimation of NH + 4 at the rural sites and aloft may be attributed to the exclusion of some sources of NH 3 in the emission inventory. The systematic underestimations of NO - 3 may result from the general overestimations of SO 2- 4 . Note that there are compensating errors among the underestimation of PM 2.5 species (such as total carbonaceous aerosols) and overestimation of PM 2.5 species (such as SO 2- 4 ), leading to generally better performance of PM 2.5 mass. The systematic underestimation of biogenic isoprene (by ∼30%) and terpene (by a factor of 4) suggests that their biogenic emissions may have been biased low, whereas the consistent overestimations of toluene by the model under the different conditions suggest that its anthropogenic emissions might be too high. The contributions of various physical and chemical processes governing the distribution of PM 2.5 during this period are investigated through detailed analysis of model process budgets using the integrated process rate (IPR) analysis along back trajectories at five selected locations in Pennsylvania and Georgia. The results show that the dominant processes for PM 2.5 formation and removal vary from the site to site, indicating significant spatial variability." @default.
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• W2065537162 date "2008-03-27" @default.
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• W2065537162 title "Evaluation of real-time PM_2.5forecasts and process analysis for PM_2.5formation over the eastern United States using the Eta-CMAQ forecast model during the 2004 ICARTT study" @default.
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• W2065537162 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009226" @default.
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