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- W2066716297 abstract "Many investigators have studied piping (internal erosion) which was one of the causes of failure in many polder dikes, but most of the formulas proposed for the critical hydraulic gradient for piping were not sufficient in practical application. Namely, Bligh’s and Lane’s coefficients (they are referred to as Cb and Cw respectively) and C', which is expressed byC′=lh=5~10 are not adequate in the case of polder dikes. Mereover, the following coefficient C, which is derived from Terzaghi’s theory, cannot fully represent the practical phenomena.C=C'1−pγs−γw/γw The author studied the piping phenomena with prototype tests and succeeded in deriving a new formula for the critical hydraulic gradient. In this paper, piping phenomena are classified into three types: (1) subsurface erosion, (2) heave and (3) internal erosion. Investigations on the first two types have been carried out and their definitions were established. The author newly defined internal erosion which had not been studied before, and derived an experimental equation from model tests and prototype tests in order to prevent the failure by piping in enclosure banks for land reclamation. The basic equation is given asIf=is1−pγs−γwcwn in which If is the critical hydraulic gradient, p is the porosity, Ύs and Ύw are the densities of sand and water, respectively, and is and n are the coefficients corresponding to soil characteristics and flow condition. As for sandy banks, the values of is and n were found to be 0.2 and 2, respectively, and the following equations were derived.If=0.21−pγs−γwcw2=1−pγs−γp/γwγp=γw+χχ=γs−γw/γwγw−0.21−pγs−γw in which χ is a factor corresponding to piping. From the above relationships, the safe seepage length L for a critical head H is given by the formulaL=Cn⋅H⋅F=5γw/1−pγs−γw2⋅H⋅F in which F is the safety factor and Cn is a coefficient derived by the author. The theoretical analyses of these equations are also given. The propriety of the above-mentioned relation was suggested in the restoration work of the enclosure bank at Kasaoka Land Reclamation Project in 1956. This has given a possibility of rational design of the polder dikes of Nagasaki Land Reclamation Project and many other projects in Japan." @default.
- W2066716297 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2066716297 date "1968-01-01" @default.
- W2066716297 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2066716297 title "Study on the Failure by Piping in Polder Dikes for Land Reclamation" @default.
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- W2066716297 doi "https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1960.8.4_30" @default.
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