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- W2067160744 abstract "The hot corrosion behaviour of various nickel and cobalt-base alloys has been studied using the coating test, in which alloy samples were coated with approx. 1 mg/cm2 Na2SO4 and oxidized in slowly flowing oxygen at 1 atm. pressure. The reaction kinetics were followed thermogravimetrically, and the corrosion products were examined in detail using conventional metallographic techniques, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. In both nickel and cobalt-base alloys, the presence of solid solution strengthening elements, such as molybdenum, tungsten or niobium, are important in promoting accelerated oxidation in the presence of a condensed layer of sodium sulphate on the surface of the alloy. Surprisingly, tantalum does not show a similar effect. The oxides of these elements react with the salt forming molybdates, tungstates or niobates, removing oxide ions and thereby increasing the acidity of the sulphate layer. Both NiO and CoO are then soluble in this acidified salt layer, CoO apparently more so than NiO, and accelerated oxidation can proceed. Alloys containing sufficient chromium to form a continuous. protective Cr2O3 layer are not subject to accelerated oxidation: acid fluxing of Cr2O3 does not occur. However, aluminium containing alloys which under normal circumstances are protected by an Al2O3 scale, do suffer accelerated oxidation because Al2O3 is fluxed from the surface by the molten sulphate layer. Other factors, apart from alloy composition, affect the hot corrosion behaviour. The presence of NaCl can initiate attack in normally resistant high chromium alloys by causing cracking of the protective Cr2O3 scale. Temperature is also important: at low temperatures the influence of the Na2SO4 layer is small because of the slow rates of reaction; at high temperature it is also small because the salt layer is evaporated off the surface. Locally reducing, or low oxygen potential atmospheres can also be important in promoting accelerated oxidation by Na2SO4, in that they allow sulphur penetration into the alloy and the resultant precipitation of chromium-rich sulphides causes a depletion of chromium such that a protective Cr2O3 scale is not developed." @default.
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- W2067160744 date "1975-01-01" @default.
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- W2067160744 title "Mechanisms of Na2SO4-induced accelerated oxidation" @default.
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- W2067160744 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(75)90036-0" @default.
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