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• W2067631405 abstract "This study analyzes the celebrated Plenary Council convened by Pope Leon XIII in Rome in 1899 and attended by the highest authorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America. The process of progressive Romanization of the clergy and the “iglesias particulares” (in my opinion, better labeled “national” churches) is well enough known. This process was impelled from the Holy See beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century, and it buttressed a church that had been seriously affected, on the one hand, by a modernizing process stemming from the Enlightenment, which we have labeled secularization. It was also affected, although less significantly, by the territorial loss resulting from the formation of the nation-state of Italy. The instruments used by the Holy See to recapture spaces of power (not only spiritual) are less well known: one of these instruments was the Latin American Plenary Council.This is a subject barely treated by the historiography, even that dedicated to the church, probably because the greater part of the standards derived from the council were modified by the Code of Canon Law of 1917. Indeed, this lack is evidenced in the notes from a conference that coincided with the celebration of the centenary of the council in 1999 in Rome. The few studies that do exist were published decades ago. The present work thus fills an important lacuna in studies of the church in its transition from the ancien régime to modernity. It uses unpublished Vatican documents from the various Roman dicasteros involved in council—which perhaps should have been complemented by consulting American sources derived from the communications between the national church hierarchies of the countries in anticipation of the celebration of the council. So far as the importance of the Plenary Council for the church in Latin America, I agree with the authors in that it was the beginning of a process of self-identification that allows us to speak of a specifically “Latin American” church (although only from the point of view of a theoretical project, impelled from the Vatican). Another question would be the lukewarm assumption, on the part of national ecclesiastical hierarchies, of an identity that was “much more” nationalistic than that which the institution itself wanted to recognize. I do not share the opinion of those who maintain that it was one of the fundamental landmarks for the unification of the continent. Can we speak today of a Latin American church?In any case, the authors maintain that the council tried, on the one hand, to achieve the unity of the Latin American church in opposition to society and the state. On the other hand, it tried to establish a legislative unity, particularly in the realm of discipline, throughout the continent. A backdrop not analyzed in the book is the underlying thesis that the “unification” of church thought and praxis should have allowed the complete “Romanization” of the Latin American church.The authors have divided the book into four chapters. The first outlines the situation of the Latin American church in the nineteenth century, based on a generic bibliography that neglects the new historiographic contributions of the 1990s. Subsequent chapters are dedicated to the preparation and celebration of the council and to the analysis of council documents. It contains a useful appendix that reproduces the most significant documents concerning the council. Among these stands out a draft of the papal encyclical destined for Latin America, according to the agreements of the Sacred Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Subjects, dated June 11, 1894, of great importance in illustrating the unifying project as designed by the Holy See.The work is clearly written, although some concepts should have been better explained, such as the use of “indigenous” versus “European” clergy (p. 32), and the authors sometimes use weighted terms, such as the “persecuted church” (pp. 34, 41). It fills an important gap in the historiography on the subject and is aimed at specialists not only of the history of the Catholic Church but of the history of contemporary Latin America." @default.
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• W2067631405 date "2005-05-01" @default.
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• W2067631405 title "El Concilio Plenario de América Latina: Roma 1899" @default.
• W2067631405 doi "https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-85-2-361" @default.
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