Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2068177722> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2068177722 endingPage "333" @default.
- W2068177722 startingPage "305" @default.
- W2068177722 abstract "Constructing a Virtual Wall: Race and Citizenship in U.S.–Mexico Border Policing Josiah McC. Heyman The U.S.–Mexico border wall is not just physical—it is also virtual. Virtual in this instance has two meanings, one narrower and one broader. More narrowly, the virtual wall involves applying advanced surveillance and computer technologies to border law enforcement. Ground-level radar can be used to detect movement; information processed through a computer model indicates if it is, say, a cow or a person, and if the latter, the direction the person is likely to move, given the terrain. More broadly, the virtual wall points to the massing of police forces, including military and intelligence agencies, in the border region, which presents a web of obstacles to northward movement of illegalized people and goods, obstacles that usually are overcome, but at great risk and cost. Physical walls and fences and the technological “wall” are parts of this wider development, and should be understood in these terms. The physical walls and fences present visible symbols of the coercive side of U.S. immigration policy (enforcement against undocumented migration; of course, there is also extensive legal immigration). They are crudely imposed between twinned border communities with longstanding ties, and they insult Mexico by treating it as a threat rather than a partner. Thus, U.S. governmental and policy circles hope that a technological system will pose an invisible wall with the same enforcement effects but without the negative attention. Also, the virtual technological wall offers corporations huge governmental contracts, drawing Homeland Security into the costly military-industrial complex. We do not, however, have to accept the “technological solution” discourse at face value. Jason Ackleson (2003, 2005a) has demonstrated that border-control technology claims are overstated and that they face significant limitations in implementation. My goal here is to widen this Josiah Heyman is professor of anthropology and chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Texas at El Paso. Journal of the Southwest 50, 3 (Autumn 2008) : 305–334 306 ✜ Journal of the Southwest critique by asking how and why the broad pattern—the constructions of physical, technological, and mass law-enforcement walls, has occurred, and what are its contradictions and limitations. I begin this essay by delineating how the border-enforcement “wall” operates at the tactical level, and following that I explore the fundamental assumptions behind those tactics. Doing so helps take these technologies and tactics out of the realm of the normal and natural, to examine them as an overall system. I then state what these operations ideally should accomplish, from their immediate law-enforcement goals to the wider social goals that they are supposed to address. In turn, I consider the evidence on whether the border-enforcement wall has been effective or not. If it has been ineffective, why is the border wall being raised even higher? To answer this question, I consider how issues, such as migration and drug use, are turned into matters of national security, akin to military imperatives of defense against fundamental threats. Moves to transform border issues into security issues are, we find, highly contested and contradictory. To tease out these complicated drivers of border policy, I explore some circumstances of the United States at the present moment, and some of the history through which we arrived at this point. This includes insecure prosperity and clinging to order in a world of vast inequalities of lifestyle, class, and power, and how such concerns are expressed in two ways: citizenship differences between deserving insiders and serving (but not deserving) outsiders, and racism against Latinas/os, especially Mexicans and Central Americans. A serious limitation of our current border policy is that it attempts to solve with one rigid and coercive mechanism a wide variety of issues in the societies on both sides of the boundary (Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America). I close by agreeing that citizenship, openness, security, and prosperity are important values, but argue that we err in displacing the challenges involved in obtaining them onto a single, illusory answer: a virtual border wall that has little effectiveness and causes much suffering. The Virtual Wall in Practice Enforcement occurs..." @default.
- W2068177722 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2068177722 creator A5006253991 @default.
- W2068177722 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2068177722 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2068177722 title "Constructing a Virtual Wall: Race and Citizenship in U.S.–Mexico Border Policing" @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1498744902 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1498901133 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1499373295 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1533959867 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1536957072 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1968020664 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1969705886 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1970884215 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1973321598 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1976035101 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1979440093 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1979623874 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1982856761 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W1985510747 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2010563746 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2013765774 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2018382988 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2032740014 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2048991456 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2051268679 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2056263692 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2063384528 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2088026584 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2093029356 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2094837171 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2096872848 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2112959495 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2114378722 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2121581052 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2150022508 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2159265210 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2166806139 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2173911506 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2312864606 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2320143873 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2328518799 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2564644397 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2797059791 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2798855055 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2801524361 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W29118050 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W3147537899 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W564497994 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W576334654 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W637923117 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W648950958 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W776061589 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W814098966 @default.
- W2068177722 cites W2500893908 @default.
- W2068177722 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2008.0010" @default.
- W2068177722 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
- W2068177722 type Work @default.
- W2068177722 sameAs 2068177722 @default.
- W2068177722 citedByCount "65" @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222012 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222013 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222014 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222015 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222016 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222017 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222018 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222019 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222020 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222021 @default.
- W2068177722 countsByYear W20681777222022 @default.
- W2068177722 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2068177722 hasAuthorship W2068177722A5006253991 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C107993555 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C138921699 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C2779777834 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C2780262971 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C2780781376 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C38652104 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C70036468 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C73484699 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C76509639 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C107993555 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C138921699 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C144024400 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C17744445 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C190253527 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C199539241 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C2779777834 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C2780262971 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C2780781376 @default.
- W2068177722 hasConceptScore W2068177722C38652104 @default.