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• W2068482810 abstract "The Venetians monopolised it, then the Portuguese took control of it, and most European colonisers battled fiercely in the 17th and 18th centuries for nutmeg, mace, and cloves—once grown only in the Spice Islands of Indonesia, the world's largest tropical archipelago. Throughout its history, southeast Asia has witnessed the rise and fall of cultures, empires, colonial powers, and ideological regimes. Its natural environment mirrors its tumultuous past. Life-giving monsoons, so important for farming and sailing, also inundate and wreak destruction in local cities each year. Volcanic eruptions enrich and renew the topsoil, but also flatten scores of villages and bury vulnerable villagers. The wet and hot jungles between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, friendly to infections and insurgents alike, also sustain animal and plant life unequalled in biodiversity. Life in all its compact, congested richness is what distinguishes the region of southeast Asia—straddling the vast Asian geography between India to the west and China to the north. Emerging infectious diseases in southeast Asia: regional challenges to controlSoutheast Asia is a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potential. Emerging infectious diseases have exacted heavy public health and economic tolls. Severe acute respiratory syndrome rapidly decimated the region's tourist industry. Influenza A H5N1 has had a profound effect on the poultry industry. The reasons why southeast Asia is at risk from emerging infectious diseases are complex. The region is home to dynamic systems in which biological, social, ecological, and technological processes interconnect in ways that enable microbes to exploit new ecological niches. Full-Text PDF Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitionsSoutheast Asia is a region of enormous social, economic, and political diversity, both across and within countries, shaped by its history, geography, and position as a major crossroad of trade and the movement of goods and services. These factors have not only contributed to the disparate health status of the region's diverse populations, but also to the diverse nature of its health systems, which are at varying stages of evolution. Rapid but inequitable socioeconomic development, coupled with differing rates of demographic and epidemiological transitions, have accentuated health disparities and posed great public health challenges for national health systems, particularly the control of emerging infectious diseases and the rise of non-communicable diseases within ageing populations. Full-Text PDF Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaborationAlthough maternal and child mortality are on the decline in southeast Asia, there are still major disparities, and greater equity is key to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. We used comparable cross-national data sources to document mortality trends from 1990 to 2008 and to assess major causes of maternal and child deaths. We present inequalities in intervention coverage by two common measures of wealth quintiles and rural or urban status. Case studies of reduction in mortality in Thailand and Indonesia indicate the varying extents of success and point to some factors that accelerate progress. Full-Text PDF The rise of chronic non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia: time for actionSoutheast Asia faces an epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases, now responsible for 60% of deaths in the region. The problem stems from environmental factors that promote tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and inadequate physical activity. Disadvantaged populations are the hardest hit, with death rates inversely proportional to a country's gross national income. Families shoulder the financial burden, but entire economies suffer as well. Although attempts to control non-communicable diseases are increasing, more needs to be done. Full-Text PDF Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages, distributional challenges, and international trade in health servicesIn this paper, we address the issues of shortage and maldistribution of health personnel in southeast Asia in the context of the international trade in health services. Although there is no shortage of health workers in the region overall, when analysed separately, five low-income countries have some deficit. All countries in southeast Asia face problems of maldistribution of health workers, and rural areas are often understaffed. Despite a high capacity for medical and nursing training in both public and private facilities, there is weak coordination between production of health workers and capacity for employment. Full-Text PDF Health-financing reforms in southeast Asia: challenges in achieving universal coverageIn this sixth paper of the Series, we review health-financing reforms in seven countries in southeast Asia that have sought to reduce dependence on out-of-pocket payments, increase pooled health finance, and expand service use as steps towards universal coverage. Laos and Cambodia, both resource-poor countries, have mostly relied on donor-supported health equity funds to reach the poor, and reliable funding and appropriate identification of the eligible poor are two major challenges for nationwide expansion. Full-Text PDF" @default.
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• W2068482810 date "2011-02-01" @default.
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• W2068482810 title "Southeast Asia: an emerging focus for global health" @default.
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• W2068482810 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61426-2" @default.
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