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- W2068489078 abstract "EARLY RESEARCH ON AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE (ASL) focused on proving that it is indeed a language.1 Since that time, studies have provided ample evidence and shown that, regardless of whether a gestural/visual or an oral/aural modality is used, languages share similar, underlying linguistic principles. While this is now commonly accepted, many people are still skeptical about the fact that language can also occur in a gestural/tactile modality and that all linguistic input can be received solely by putting one's hand on top of a signer's hand. This article presents a study of one such language, Tactile ASL, a variety of ASL used in the deaf-blind community in the United States.2 Fluent users of Tactile ASL are primarily deaf-blind adults who have Usher Syndrome i, which is a hereditary condition that results in a person's being born deaf and having retinitis pigmentosa (RP).3 The latter condition, RP, causes a progressive deterioration of the retina, resulting in (poor vision in conditions of low light) and a gradual narrowing of the field of vision, which can ultimately result in a total loss of usable vision. Both night blindness and a gradually narrowing field of vision have significant implications for a deaf person's ability to perceive visual ASL. While the rate of progression of this form of blindness varies greatly, for the majority of people with Usher Syndrome 1, the decrease in vision is often not detectable until after their teenage years. Because the communication effects of RP are usually not significantly noticed until early adulthood, many deaf-blind adults, similar to the participants in our study, grew up as members of the Deaf community, attended residential schools for deaf students, and used ASL as their primary means of communication. Only later, when they began having difficulty seeing ASL, did they switch to receiving ASL by putting their hand on top of the signer's hand. Today there are established communities in which deaf-blind adults regularly interact at formal and informal socials, weeklong retreats, professional events, and association meetings and conferences such as that of the American Association of the Deaf-Blind (AADB). Because of an exceptionally high concentration of the gene that causes Usher 1, many deaf-blind people live in the Cajun Triangle of Louisiana.4 Additionally, certain cities in the United States, such as Seattle and Boston, have developed transportation and interpreting services, as well as other support systems, for deaf-blind people. This attracts many deaf-blind adults from more isolated areas and has given rise to the formation of new deaf-blind communities. This situation allows a unique opportunity for the study of language variation and change as many members of the deaf-blind community take their first language-a visual language (ASL)-and adapt it to a tactile mode (Tactile ASL). In this article we present research that undertook to analyze the functions and frequency of the signs YES and #NO in Tactile ASL and to compare these findings with the uses of YES and #NO in visual ASL. Although there are different forms of signs that can be used for yes and no, in this study we focus on the sign YES that involves a closed fist (S handshape) with a nodding (up-and-down) movement and the sign glossed as #NO that involves an opening and closing of the thumb and the first two fingers. These signs were chosen because, during our casual observations of Tactile ASL, they seemed to appear more often than in visual ASL and in a variety of constructions. This observation raised questions about the actual function and frequency of YES and #NO in Tactile ASL and how they would compare to their use in visual ASL. While there have been studies of negation in ASL (Ellenberger et al. 1975; Anderson and Reilly 15)97; Veinberg and Wilbur 1990; Shaffer 2002) and of interpreters' use of negation in Tactile ASL (Frankel 2002), to date there has been no research that focuses specifically on YES and #NO in either visual or Tactile ASL. …" @default.
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- W2068489078 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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- W2068489078 title "Yes, No, Visibility, and Variation in ASL and Tactile ASL" @default.
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- W2068489078 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2006.0032" @default.
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