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• W2069444651 abstract "<h3>Context</h3> Glutamatergic neurotransmission is implicated in alcohol-drinking behavior in animal models. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether genetic variations in glutamatergic neurotransmission genes, which are known to alter alcohol effects in rodents, contribute to the genetic basis of alcoholism in humans. <h3>Design</h3> Association analysis of alcohol dependence and haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 10 glutamatergic genes. Resequencing of functional domains of these genes identified 204 SNPs. Haplotypes with a frequency of 5% or greater could be discriminated by 21 haplotype-tagging SNPs analyzed for association in 2 independent samples of alcohol-dependent adult patients and controls as well as adolescent trios. <h3>Setting</h3> Four university medical centers in the south of Germany. <h3>Participants</h3> One thousand three hundred thirty-seven patients and 1555 controls (study 1: 544 patients, 553 controls; study 2: 793 patients, 1002 controls). One hundred forty-four trios of 15-year-old adolescents assessed for risky drinking behavior. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Genotype profiles for<i>GLAST</i>;<i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate–receptor subunits<i>NR1</i>,<i>NR2A</i>, and<i>NR2B</i>;<i>MGLUR5</i>;<i>NNOS</i>;<i>PRKG2</i>;<i>CAMK4</i>; the regulatory subunit of<i>PI3K</i>; and<i>CREB</i>were analyzed for association with alcohol dependence using multivariate statistical analysis. Risky adolescent drinking was tested using the transmission disequilibrium test. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis of study 1 revealed that<i>NR2A</i>and<i>MGLUR5</i>have the greatest relevance for human alcohol dependence among the genes selected with odds ratios of 2.35 and 1.69, respectively. Replication analysis in study 2 confirmed an association of alcohol dependence with<i>NR2A</i>(odds ratio, 2.01) but showed no association with<i>MGLUR5</i>. Combined analysis of study 1 and study 2 exhibited a more significant association on the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test (<i>P</i> < .001) for<i>NR2A</i>;<i>NR2A</i>was associated with positive family history, early onset of alcoholism, and maximum number of drinks in adults as well as risky drinking patterns in adolescents. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Genetic variations in<i>NR2A</i>have the greatest relevance for human alcohol dependence among the glutamatergic genes selected for their known alteration of alcohol effects in animal models." @default.
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• W2069444651 date "2008-07-07" @default.
• W2069444651 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2069444651 title "Systematic Analysis of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Genes in Alcohol Dependence and Adolescent Risky Drinking Behavior" @default.
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• W2069444651 doi "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.826" @default.
• W2069444651 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18606955" @default.
• W2069444651 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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