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- W2069627019 abstract "Abstract In bird species which have developed a brood reduction strategy, initial inequality among siblings is established through asynchronous hatching. After hatching, the maintenance of a weight hierarchy within the brood and its spread is governed by the allocation of feeds to the chicks and by the rate of parental feeding. In the present study, the initiation of parental feeding and subsequent changes in the feeding procedure were studied in asynchronously hatched broods of the great tit Parus major and the blackbird Turdus merula. During the period of hatching the brood was roused by a parental feeding call on most visits to the nest which made feeding more effective. Late-hatched young initially increased their chances to receive feeding offers by showing a high rate of spontaneous begging. In addition, they were more dependent than the older young on a high rate of mobility in order to be fed and they showed increasing mobility with age. Crucial changes in the feeding procedure took place at the end of the hatching period when the parents ceased to emit feeding calls and in the last few days before the abandonment of the nest when the biggest young started to jump towards the parents at feeding. These periods were identified as critical for late-hatched young. We argue that parental feeding rate is a feature of parent-young interaction that develops in order to adapt parental investment in individual nestlings to changes in food conditions when the brood is being raised. Zusammenfassung Asynchron geschlüpfte Nestlinge von Kohlmeise (Parus major) und Amsel (Turdus merula) werden vom Schlüpfen an durch die Eltern so gefüttert, daß alle Nestlinge annähernd die gleiche Möglichkeit haben, Nahrung zu erhalten. Anfangs wurde jede Beute in der Regel mehreren Nestlingen, später gezielter jeweils einem einzigen Nestling geboten. In den ersten Tagen nach dem Schlüpfen bettelten die Nestlinge bei der Ankunft der Eltern nur unregelmäßig, und die Eltern äußerten bei fast jedem Fütteraufenthalt Fütterrufe, die starkes Betteln hervorriefen. Spontanes Betteln, das die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöhte, Nahrung zu bekommen, war häufig bei neugeschlüpften Nestlingen, verschwand aber langsam, als die Nestlinge älter wurden. Bei den Kohlmeisen scheinen die großen Nestlinge ihren Anteil der Beute dadurch zu erhalten, daß sie die Bettelfrequenz der Menge der verfügbaren Nahrung anpassen. Die kleinsten Nestlinge hingegen nahmen im Nest möglichst günstige Stellungen ein. Audi wenn die Eltern, solange die Nestlinge klein sind, gewöhnlich nicht überlastet sind, bleibt die ursprünglich durch das asynchrone Schlüpfen entstehende Ungleichheit der Nestlinge meistens dadurch erhalten, daß ihnen die Nahrung nach der Position in der Schlüpfsequenz überreicht wird: die Eltern reizen die Nestlinge zuerst durch Fütterrufe und füttern dann die auffälligsten Nestlinge. Das unterschiedliche Betteln der großen und kleinen Nestlinge scheint wesentlich dazu beizutragen, die Gewichtshierarchie unter den Nestlingen aufrechtzuerhalten sowie ihre Streuung zu begrenzen." @default.
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- W2069627019 date "2010-04-26" @default.
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- W2069627019 title "Development of Parent-Young Interaction in Asynchronously Hatched Broods of Altricial Birds" @default.
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- W2069627019 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01300.x" @default.
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