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- W2069897534 abstract "Summary Previous authors have discussed the propagation of radio-atmospherics by assuming that the space between the earth's surface and the ionosphere behaves like a wave-guide. If the surfaces of such a guide are treated as perfect conductors, then there is one mode of propagation, the “zero-order” mode, which is unattenuated at all frequencies. In such a guide the wave-form of the received e.m.f. due to one mode at a great distance from a lightning flash can be calculated, and for modes of non-zero order it would be of an oscillatory type similar to that observed in many atmospherics from distant sources. But it would also include a large undistorted impulse due to the energy propagated in the zero-order mode, and this is not observed in practice. Moreover, recent measurements of the amplitudes of the component frequencies of atmospherics have shown that frequencies below about7·5 kc./s. are heavily attenuated during propagation from the source to the receiver, and this is inconsistent with the presence of a zero-order mode which is unattenuated at all frequencies. This paper shows that if one surface of the wave-guide is an imperfec conductor, then all the modes, including the zero-order mode, are heavily attenuated below a certain critical frequency. There are two modes whose amplitudes are much greater th~n those of all other modes, and these both give an oscillatory response to a lightning flash at a great distance. There is no longer any mode of propagation which would give an undistorted impulse at a great distance from the source. The critical frequency depends most markedly on the height of the ionosphere, and to a smaller extent on the characteristics of the ionized medium. The changes in the measured curves of attenuation versus frequency from day to night, and during sudden ionospheric disturbances are consistent with the changes in the height of reflection of very long waves which are known to occur at these times. The relation between the treatment of propagation in terms of wave-guide modes, and in terms of successively reflected “rays” is discussed." @default.
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- W2069897534 date "1951-01-01" @default.
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- W2069897534 title "I. The propagation of a radio-atmospheric" @default.
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- W2069897534 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445108561218" @default.
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