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- W2070017821 abstract "To the Editor:We read with interest the article by Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar on the persistence of mucosal damage in patients with celiac disease who maintained a gluten-free diet. They concluded that some degree of villous atrophy is the rule and not the exception, even in patients treated long-term. Based on our data, we have a more optimistic view.Our routine has been to take small intestinal biopsy specimens at 6 and, recently, at 12 months after the institution of a gluten-free diet. In addition, a number of specimens have been taken from patients treated long-term for celiac disease while they participated in various follow-up studies.2.Kaukinen K. Collin P. Holm K. Rantala I. Vuolteenaho N. Reunala T. Maki M. Wheat starch-containing gluten-free flour products in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. A long-term follow-up study.Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999; 34: 164-169Google Scholar, 3.Kaukinen K. Sulkanen S. Maki M. Collin P. IgA-class transglutaminase antibodies in evaluating the efficacy of gluten-free diet in coeliac disease.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14: 311-315Crossref PubMed Scopus (125) Google Scholar These patients represent well our population of patients with celiac disease, which includes more than 800 adults. As shown in the figure, the mucosal morphology in patients treated with a gluten-free diet for an average of 8 years was similar to that in our nonceliac control subjects. Only 3 (4%) of 65 patients with celiac disease had partial atrophy and none had subtotal villous atrophy. By comparison, after 6 to 12 months of dietary therapy, 43% had normal, 47% partial, and 10% subtotal villous atrophy, although intraepithelial lymphocytosis was not present. Of note, when dietary assessment revealed occasional transgressions, the mucosal damage was persistent in most cases, as has also been shown by others.4.Ciacci C. Maurelli L. Klain M. Savino G. Salvatore M. Mazzacca G. et al.Effects of dietary treatment on bone mineral density in adults with celiac disease: factors predicting response.Am J Gastroenterol. 1997; 92: 992-996PubMed Google ScholarOne reason for the discrepancy might be that Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar applied a relatively high crypt:villous ratio (1:4) as proof of complete recovery; this being even higher than the average ratio in our nonceliac control subjects. The decision as to where the villous ends and the crypt begins is subjective.5.Corazza G.R. Frazzoni M. Dixon M.F. Gasbarrini G. Quantitative assessment of the mucosal architecture of jejunal biopsy specimens: a comparison between linear measurement, stereology, and computer aided microscopy.J Clin Pathol. 1985; 38: 765-770Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar However, histologic specimens were also evaluated blindly with no knowledge of the clinical diagnosis, and the average crypt:villous ratio in control subjects was comparable to that in previous studies.6.Kuitunen P. Kosnai I. Savilahti E. Morphometric study of the jejunal mucosa in various childhood enteropathies with special reference to intraepithelial lymphocytes.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1982; 1: 525-531Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar, 7.Roy-Choudhury D. Cooke W.T. Tan D.T. Banwell J.G. Smits B.J. Jejunal biopsy: criteria and significance.Scand J Gastroenterol. 1966; 1: 57-74PubMed Google Scholar In addition, the severity of the disease may originally have been different and, as Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar state, inadvertent gluten intake is difficult to identify. We agree that complete recovery of the celiac mucosa often requires longer than 12 months. On the other hand, persistent mucosal atrophy increases the risk of complications such as osteoporosis, even in asymptomatic patients.8.Valdimarsson T. Lofman O. Toss G. Strom M. Reversal of osteopenia with diet in adult coeliac disease.Gut. 1996; 38: 322-327Crossref PubMed Scopus (184) Google Scholar, 9.Walters J.R. Bone mineral density in coeliac disease.Gut. 1994; 35: 150-151Crossref PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar, 10.Cellier C. Flobert C. Cormier C. Roux C. Schmitz J. Severe osteopenia in symptom-free adults with a childhood diagnosis of coeliac disease.Lancet. 2000; 355: 806Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (110) Google Scholar Therefore, in every case where significant villous atrophy is present, a thorough check-up, and especially a comprehensive dietary assessment, are essential.It should not be inferred that a normal villous architecture is unattainable in patients with celiac disease. A high percentage of clinically detected celiac cases, a wide selection of gluten-free products on the market, and the active role of lay societies devoted to celiac disease are of help in achieving this definitive goal, that is a good clinical and histopathologic response to a gluten-free diet. To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar on the persistence of mucosal damage in patients with celiac disease who maintained a gluten-free diet. They concluded that some degree of villous atrophy is the rule and not the exception, even in patients treated long-term. Based on our data, we have a more optimistic view. Our routine has been to take small intestinal biopsy specimens at 6 and, recently, at 12 months after the institution of a gluten-free diet. In addition, a number of specimens have been taken from patients treated long-term for celiac disease while they participated in various follow-up studies.2.Kaukinen K. Collin P. Holm K. Rantala I. Vuolteenaho N. Reunala T. Maki M. Wheat starch-containing gluten-free flour products in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. A long-term follow-up study.Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999; 34: 164-169Google Scholar, 3.Kaukinen K. Sulkanen S. Maki M. Collin P. IgA-class transglutaminase antibodies in evaluating the efficacy of gluten-free diet in coeliac disease.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14: 311-315Crossref PubMed Scopus (125) Google Scholar These patients represent well our population of patients with celiac disease, which includes more than 800 adults. As shown in the figure, the mucosal morphology in patients treated with a gluten-free diet for an average of 8 years was similar to that in our nonceliac control subjects. Only 3 (4%) of 65 patients with celiac disease had partial atrophy and none had subtotal villous atrophy. By comparison, after 6 to 12 months of dietary therapy, 43% had normal, 47% partial, and 10% subtotal villous atrophy, although intraepithelial lymphocytosis was not present. Of note, when dietary assessment revealed occasional transgressions, the mucosal damage was persistent in most cases, as has also been shown by others.4.Ciacci C. Maurelli L. Klain M. Savino G. Salvatore M. Mazzacca G. et al.Effects of dietary treatment on bone mineral density in adults with celiac disease: factors predicting response.Am J Gastroenterol. 1997; 92: 992-996PubMed Google Scholar One reason for the discrepancy might be that Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar applied a relatively high crypt:villous ratio (1:4) as proof of complete recovery; this being even higher than the average ratio in our nonceliac control subjects. The decision as to where the villous ends and the crypt begins is subjective.5.Corazza G.R. Frazzoni M. Dixon M.F. Gasbarrini G. Quantitative assessment of the mucosal architecture of jejunal biopsy specimens: a comparison between linear measurement, stereology, and computer aided microscopy.J Clin Pathol. 1985; 38: 765-770Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar However, histologic specimens were also evaluated blindly with no knowledge of the clinical diagnosis, and the average crypt:villous ratio in control subjects was comparable to that in previous studies.6.Kuitunen P. Kosnai I. Savilahti E. Morphometric study of the jejunal mucosa in various childhood enteropathies with special reference to intraepithelial lymphocytes.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1982; 1: 525-531Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar, 7.Roy-Choudhury D. Cooke W.T. Tan D.T. Banwell J.G. Smits B.J. Jejunal biopsy: criteria and significance.Scand J Gastroenterol. 1966; 1: 57-74PubMed Google Scholar In addition, the severity of the disease may originally have been different and, as Lee et al.1.Lee S.K. Lo W. Memeo L. Rotterdam H. Green P.H.R. Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet.Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57: 187-191Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (185) Google Scholar state, inadvertent gluten intake is difficult to identify. We agree that complete recovery of the celiac mucosa often requires longer than 12 months. On the other hand, persistent mucosal atrophy increases the risk of complications such as osteoporosis, even in asymptomatic patients.8.Valdimarsson T. Lofman O. Toss G. Strom M. Reversal of osteopenia with diet in adult coeliac disease.Gut. 1996; 38: 322-327Crossref PubMed Scopus (184) Google Scholar, 9.Walters J.R. Bone mineral density in coeliac disease.Gut. 1994; 35: 150-151Crossref PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar, 10.Cellier C. Flobert C. Cormier C. Roux C. Schmitz J. Severe osteopenia in symptom-free adults with a childhood diagnosis of coeliac disease.Lancet. 2000; 355: 806Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (110) Google Scholar Therefore, in every case where significant villous atrophy is present, a thorough check-up, and especially a comprehensive dietary assessment, are essential. It should not be inferred that a normal villous architecture is unattainable in patients with celiac disease. A high percentage of clinically detected celiac cases, a wide selection of gluten-free products on the market, and the active role of lay societies devoted to celiac disease are of help in achieving this definitive goal, that is a good clinical and histopathologic response to a gluten-free diet." @default.
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- W2070017821 title "Complete small intestinal mucosal recovery is obtainable in the treatment of celiac disease" @default.
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