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- W2070906740 abstract "The concentration of free radicals (spins/g) in the bitumen extracted from Athabasca tar sand depended on the polarity of the solvent used for extraction. Non-polar solvent extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than polar solvent extracted bitumen. Similar behavior was observed with the VO2+ ion in bitumen. Extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than the intact tar sand. This observation was different from that with Utah tar sand. Clean sand also gave an electron spin resonance signal, the intensity of which depended on the polarity of the solvent used. The shape of the signal also depended on the solvent. Increases in the concentration of free radicals were observed at temperatures which were lower than the thermal decomposition temperatures of most of the reactions. The variation in the concentration of radicals in bitumen, tar sand and residual sand depended on the heating rate. At 500°C prolonged heating gave an increase in the concentration of free radicals due to the formation of free carbon (coke) and to a decrease in the recombination of radicals. A possible mechanism is discussed to explain the effect of heating on the free radical formation in bitumen or in tar sand." @default.
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- W2070906740 date "1992-07-01" @default.
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- W2070906740 title "Electron spin resonance study of the thermal decomposition of solvent extracted Athabasca tar sand bitumen" @default.
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- W2070906740 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(92)90013-g" @default.
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