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- W2070939897 abstract "After or during major blood loss the acute life-threatening situation can be alleviated by infusion of plasma substitutes--substances such as dextran, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or plasma protein fraction (PPF)--in order to maintain near-normal circulating plasma volume. The aim of the infusion of these substances is to provide adequate tissue perfusion, and thus oxygenation despite a reduction in haemoglobin content and haematocrit, for a limited time-span, i.e., until compatible blood is made available for transfusion. The advantage of plasma substitutes is that they are readily available and infusion can be commenced without prior blood-typing or compatibility tests (i.e., cross-matching). In addition, the artificial plasma substitutes (all of the above-mentioned except PPF) carry no risk for the recipient of infection from serum hepatitis or HIV. These obvious advantages may often be offset by their intrinsic hazards such as anaphylactoid/ allergic reactions (see previous chapter) or their interference with the red cell membrane causing false blood-grouping results or difficulties in crossmatching when blood samples are taken after plasma substitute administration. The clinical relevance of these interactions between the red cell membrane and the infused plasma substitute lies in the reading of a false-positive blood-grouping result, potentially causing a negative recipient to receive group-positive blood which can lead to varying degrees of transfusion reactions. As will be discussed later, these false-positive reactions can appear as rouleau formation, which will disappear after the addition of saline, or may not be distinguishable from a normal agglutination. These so-called 'pseudo' or autoagglutinations may be found during typing the ABO or Rhesus system as well as in other subgroups or in the antibody screening test (Kox, 1978). The clinical implications are that blood samples taken for blood-typing or cross-matching from patients who have received plasma substitutes can delay the identification of the blood group and its compatibility and hence the administration of blood. The most severe form of false-positive result (agglutination) could lead to the administration of group positive blood to a group negative recipient which, when given even in" @default.
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- W2070939897 date "1988-09-01" @default.
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- W2070939897 title "The influence of plasma substitutes on blood-typing and cross-matching" @default.
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