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- W2070974952 abstract "Many economic, environmental, and public health problems have emerged with the increasing use of pesticides in Third World agriculture. Some governments of developing nations, recognizing the detrimental effects, have attempted to establish controls. State efforts have included a variety of regulations, policies, training and extension programs, research activities, and in some cases, projects for developing integrated pest management (IPM)i (which generally entails the use of biological and cultural methods, along with reduced use of chemicals, intended to improve profitability and environmental sustainability of pest control). The specific types and effectiveness of pesticide-related programs and policies vary considerably. However, in many cases it appears that in practice their efficacy has been minimal, due to various obstacles (Bottrell, 1984; Bull, 1982; Boardman, 1986). Yet few studies have examined the different approaches to assess progress and problems in specific nations. After presenting a brief contextual background and an overview of central themes in pesticide policy dilemmas, this article analyzes and compares pesticide-related policies and programs in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Although these two countries share similar histories of pest control and pesticide problems, their policy approaches reveal clear differences in terms of their organizational support structures, program emphases, technical and manpower capacities, the states' commitment, and the impacts of the laws and actions in influencing pesticide use. On the one hand, Costa Rica's government, despite its many formal laws pertaining to pesticide use, has been relatively ineffective in carrying out laws and in undertaking badly needed actions; several constraints have" @default.
- W2070974952 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2070974952 date "1988-10-01" @default.
- W2070974952 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2070974952 title "Pesticides and Policies" @default.
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- W2070974952 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x8801500403" @default.
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