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- W2071553678 abstract "D-POURING the depression, when my students have spoken of current social conditions as if they were representative of society, I found myself admonishing them that we must think of society as it was before 1930 in order to correctly picture society. Depression conditions, I explained, were highly abnormal conditions and our society then, therefore, was decidedly abnormal. At last, however, after years of depression I began to doubt the truth of my admonition. Finally this led me to inquire regarding the dividing line between normal and abnormal society and concerning the criteria by which it may be determined. This paper reports the results of my inquiry. In thinking about the situation and seeking a criterion to distinguish normal from abnormal society, it occurred to me that the science of statistics would be the most likely field for the discovery of criteria or devices by which they might be detected. Consequently I gave attention to the various averages, namely, the mean, median and mode, to the trend, to budgetaries, and to the various methods of measuring deviations from central values among sets and series of variables, such as the interquartile range and standard deviation. What I shall say in the first part of this paper concerns these statistical devices. First, regarding the usefulness of averages as criteria of the normal and abnormal in society. I shall deal chiefly with the mean as a representative average because the median and mode are ordinarily very similar to it as determiners of value. The mean is widely used as a criterion of the normal. When our national Weather Bureau wants to advise us about normal weather it makes use of the mean. Normal precipitation for a locality or region is the mean annual, seasonal, monthly or daily precipitation. It would similarly present mean temperature and moisture as normal temperature and moisture. This same use of the mean is generally found among social scientists. A normal yield is the mean yield for a series of years. A normal business year is an average year. But when we get down to fundamentals we discover that the mean really tells us little about the reality. The mean only represents the central value of a set or series of variables and it possesses practically no reality content of its own. In fact, in a large series of variables it may be that not a single variable coincides with the mean. What does the mean temperature tell us about the temperature reality of a region? Only that temperature variables of the specified period fluctuate about this central point. Now as a matter" @default.
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- W2071553678 date "1937-08-01" @default.
- W2071553678 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2071553678 title "An Examination of Criteria for the Determination of Normal Society" @default.
- W2071553678 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2084769" @default.
- W2071553678 hasPublicationYear "1937" @default.
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