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- W2071609761 abstract "Although large increases in neuronal intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) are lethal, moderate increases in [Ca2+]i of 50–200 nM may induce immediate or long-term tolerance of ischemia or other stresses. In neurons in rat hippocampal slice cultures, we determined the relationship between [Ca2+]i, cell death, and Ca2+-dependent neuroprotective signals before and after a 45 min period of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Thirty minutes before OGD, [Ca2+]i was increased in CA1 neurons by 40–200 nM with 1 nM–1 μM of a Ca2+-selective ionophore (calcimycin or ionomycin-“Ca2+ preconditioning”). Ca2+ preconditioning greatly reduced cell death in CA1, CA3 and dentate during the following 7 days, even though [Ca2+]i was similar (approximately 2 μM) in preconditioned and control neurons 1 h after the OGD. When pre-OGD [Ca2+]i was lowered to 25 nM (10 nM ionophore in Ca2+-free medium) or increased to 8 μM (10 μM ionophore), more than 90% of neurons died. Increased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein protein kinase B (Akt) and the MAP kinase ERK (p42/44) were present in preconditioned slices after OGD. Reducing Ca2+ influx, inhibiting calmodulin, and preventing Akt or MAP kinase p42/44 upregulation prevented Ca2+ preconditioning, supporting a specific role for Ca2+ in the neuroprotective process. Further, in continuously oxygenated cultured hippocampal/cortical neurons, preconditioning for 30 min with 10 nM ionomycin reduced cell death following a 4 μM increase in [Ca2+]i elicited by 1 μM ionomycin. Thus, a zone of moderately increased [Ca2+]i before a potentially lethal insult promotes cell survival, uncoupling subsequent large increases in [Ca2+]i from initiating cell death processes." @default.
- W2071609761 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2071609761 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W2071609761 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W2071609761 title "Moderate increases in intracellular calcium activate neuroprotective signals in hippocampal neurons" @default.
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- W2071609761 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.035" @default.
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