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• W2071719188 abstract "Abstract Ecological modernization theory precepts have increasingly come to inform natural resource management policies in Western capitalist societies. Our objective is to analyze recent fisheries reforms in New Zealand informed by the theory of ecological modernization. Ecological modernization theory asserts that sustainability and economic growth can be achieved together through the introduction of new technologies, “economization” of the environment through introducing market-based instruments to internalize environmental externalities, and the devolution of responsibilities to relevant stakeholders. We argue, however, that ecological modernization theory, strongly implicit in the language of recent New Zealand fisheries reforms, has produced uneven outcomes as a potential pathway toward sustainability. Keywords: ecological modernizationfisheriesNew Zealandquota management system Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor John Selsky for helpful comments he made on an earlier draft of this article. Notes The definition of sustainability encompasses notions of economic vitality, ecological integrity, social well-being, and civic democracy. “Economization” refers to the proposition of ecological modernizers to “ecologize the economy and economize the ecology” (Jay and Morad Citation2007, 476; Mol Citation1995). These ideas are concerned with ability to internalise the negative environmental externalities caused by growth. Phronetic is an Aristotelian phrase that defines practical wisdom as separate from episteme, natural knowledge, and techne, technical knowledge. Jentoft (Citation2005) uses the three in arguing that a more phronetic approach is required toward fisheries, in that it applies experience-based knowledge alongside a system of scientific enquiry. The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed on 6 February 1840 between members of the British Crown and northern North Island Maori tribes. The treaty granted Maori the same rights as British citizens and control over their land and resources. The development of the ITQ regime has been commented on by a number of writers (Lock and Leslie Citation2007; Sinner and Fenemor Citation2005; Knight Citation2007; Memon and Cullen Citation1992, Citation1996). In 1989, royalties were frozen for 5 years as part of a deal between government and industry to change quota from absolute tonnage to a proportion of the total allowable catch. Resource rentals were used as a bargaining tool to retain industry support. At this time, the government was facing a large financial cost of reducing the TAC in the orange roughy fishery. To avoid this, quota was redefined as a proportion of the TACC. As compensation to the industry, the government agreed to freeze the resource rental rates for 5 years and redistribute resource rental income to the industry (Sissenwine and Mace Citation1992). Iwi is the Maori phrase for extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, race—often refers to a large group of people descended from a common ancestor. Initially established under the auspices of the Ministry of Fisheries, its membership is broadly based, including local community, commercial and recreational fishers, tourism operators, scientists, and tangata whenua. The act gives statutory recognition to the Guardians Group, created eight marine reserves, imposed a moratorium on new marine reserves for 5–7 years, amended the Southland Regional Coastal Plan to protect fragile habitats, and implemented a number of biosecurity measures. The tendency toward concentration of production in fewer firms in an industry is endemic in most forms of commodity trading, and more generally, in capitalist systems. Presently there are eight companies that produce around 80% of New Zealand's total commercial fisheries output." @default.
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• W2071719188 date "2011-10-01" @default.
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• W2071719188 title "Institutional Reforms in New Zealand Fisheries as an Ecological Modernization Project" @default.
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• W2071719188 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2010.486020" @default.
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