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- W2072012177 abstract "An electromuscular incapacitating device (EMD) delivers pulses of high-voltage electricity, causing strong muscle contraction. Data from a pig model suggest that an EMD dart tip placed within 17 mm of the epicardial surface can cause ventricular fibrillation. The current study estimates minimum skin-to-heart distance in the adult, to determine whether individuals might be at risk for ventricular fibrillation from an EMD.We performed 2-dimensional echocardiograms in 150 standing adults in the parasternal, apical, and subcostal views. From each view, the shortest linear skin-to-heart distance was measured.Average skin-to-heart distances were: parasternal 32.1 +/- 7.9 mm; apical 31.3 +/- 11.3 mm; and subcostal 70.8 +/- 22.3 mm. There were 9 (6%) individuals with a skin-to-heart distance less than or equal to 17 mm. The skin-to-heart distance was significantly correlated with body mass index: parasternal r = 0.57, apical r = 0.55 (P < .0001).An EMD dart penetrating the skin directly over the heart might put individuals at risk for ventricular fibrillation." @default.
- W2072012177 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2072012177 date "2008-06-01" @default.
- W2072012177 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W2072012177 title "Evaluation of the Skin-To-Heart Distance in the Standing Adult by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography" @default.
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- W2072012177 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.10.027" @default.
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